金朝宰相制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 06:12

本文选题：金朝 + 宰相　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本文是在前贤研究的基础上,对金朝宰相制度进行全面的研究,通过考察金朝宰相制度的来源和演变,金朝宰相的任免,金朝宰相职权的行使,金朝宰相间、宰相与左右司和六部、宰相与其他中央机构的关系,金朝宰相与皇帝的关系,揭示金朝宰相制度的历史作用、特点、历史地位。本文共分为绪论、正文、结语三个部分,正文分五章。现按照行文顺序对本文的主要内容和论点概述如下。第一部分,绪论。这一部分首先对基本概念进行了界定,然后对选题原因和价值进行了分析,接着对学术界的研究现状作了述评,继而对创新点和难点进行了总结,并阐释本文的研究思路。第二部分,正文,共分五章。第一章分两节,阐述了金朝宰相制度的来源和演变。金朝宰相制度有两个来源,其一是女真旧制,其二是唐、宋、辽三朝的宰相制度。金朝宰相制度经过了长期的演变过程,在各阶段有所不同。第二章分六节,考察了金朝宰相的任免情况。第一节统计了了金朝宰相的人数。金朝宰相的实际任职人数,是159。第二节阐述了金朝宰相选任的决策过程,认为金朝宰相任命的最终决策权,是掌握在皇帝手中的。第三节考察了金朝宰相的出身,从入仕途径、前任职务、民族宗族、地域分布对金朝宰相的出身进行了全面的考察。第四节考察了金朝宰相的升职和降职。金朝宰相任职过程中,以逐级升迁为主。金朝宰相职位的升迁,在各民族间有明显差别。第五节考察了金朝宰相的任职时间。一般情况下,皇帝通过宰相的任免保持宰相群体中女真宰相人数上的相对优势地位。第六节考察了金朝宰相的去职情况。金朝宰相的去职,有出任其他职官、削职为民、致仕和死亡四种情况。第三章分两节,考察了金朝宰相职权的行使情况。第一节考察了金朝宰相议政权的行使情况。宰相对皇帝的匡辅,是通过行使权力实现的,其途径是御前奏事和议事,尚书省会议,主持百官集议和个人疏奏、咨询、谏诤、封驳,集中百官的意见,参与中央的决策,纠正皇帝的过失。第二节考察了金朝宰相行政权的行使情况。宰相通过行政权的行使,包括发布诏令、监督执行、亲自处理政务和兼任其他职务,把皇帝的决策贯彻到中央各职能部门和地方路府州县,实现对天下的治理。第四章分六节,考察了金朝宰相间、宰相与左右司六部、宰相与其他中央机构的关系。第一节考察了金朝宰相间的关系。金朝宰相群体,是由皇帝控制的,首相具有一定地位的,宰相集体负责的群体。第二节考察了金朝宰相与左右司的关系。金朝时,左右司令史和左右司官负责具体政务的处理,宰相监督左右司官和左右司令史,皇帝通过左右司对宰相进行一定程度的牵制。第三节考察了金朝宰相与六部的关系。宰相通过六部官员推行政令,通过赏罚监督六部工作。皇帝在宰相与六部的关系中发挥了一定作用,六部经常对宰相表现出一定的独立性。第四节考察了金朝宰相与枢密院的关系。金朝宰相与枢密院的关系是相辅相成的关系。宰相与皇帝共议军事和领兵出征。第五节考察了金朝宰相与台谏的关系。台谏监察和弹劾宰相,宰相对台谏有任命和奖惩的权力。台谏与宰相斗争的结果,是皇帝权力的集中和加强。第六节考察了金朝宰相与近侍的关系。近侍收集信息和传达旨令,承担其他任务,有稳定的预政途径。宰相力量逐渐减弱,近侍力量则逐渐增强,是一个基本的趋势。第五章分两节,阐述了金朝宰相与皇帝的关系。第一节揭示了金朝宰相制度在政务运行中的位置。金朝宰相制度是政务运行的枢纽。第二节考察了金朝皇帝对宰相的控制机制。行政、军事、监察等各种权力,宰相不能兼而有之,皇帝因而集权于己。各个方面的权力掌握在女真人手中,他们能够保证皇权的稳定。宰相多级多员,首相职位递降,皇帝驾驭方便。皇帝通过多种途径收集信息和传达政令,防止宰相控制信息传播途径。皇帝通过限制进士任相,防止进士形成监督和限制皇权的集团性力量。第三节按阶段阐述了金朝宰相与皇帝关系的具体情况。最后一部分是结语,在总结全文的基础上,阐述金朝宰相制度的历史作用、特点、历史地位。金朝时期,宰相在皇帝和百官间议事和行政,行使职权,尚书省是政务运行的枢纽。金朝宰相制度的特点之一,是宰相多级多员,种族交参,坚持女真至上的原则。金朝宰相制度的特点之二,是宰相机构是尚书一省,议政和执行合一,政令制定和执行方便。金朝宰相制度的特点之三,是皇帝控制宰相,坚持君主臣辅和君定臣行,实行君主集权。金朝宰相制度是中国古代宰相制度史上的一环,具有重要的地位。
[Abstract]:On the basis of the previous research , this paper makes a comprehensive study on the system of Jin dynasty , through investigating the source and evolution of the system , the relation between the prime minister and the prime minister , the relationship between the prime minister and other central institutions , the relationship between the prime minister and the emperor , and the historical role , characteristics and historical position of the Jin dynasty .
Part one , Introduction . This part firstly defines the basic concept , then analyzes the reason and value of the problem , then makes a comment on the research situation of the academic circle , then summarizes the innovation points and difficulties , and explains the research thinking in this paper .
The second part , the text , is divided into five chapters .
In the first chapter , the origin and evolution of the Jin Dynasty prime minister system are described . One of the two sources is the old system of Jin Dynasty .
The first section examines the exercise of the power of the prime minister . The first section examines the exercise of the emperor ' s prime minister . The prime minister has exercised power to realize the power of the emperor . The second section examines the exercise of the administrative right of the emperor . The second section examines the exercise of the administrative right of the emperor . The prime minister , through the exercise of administrative power , includes issuing an imperial decree , supervising the execution , personally dealing with government affairs and other functions , and carrying out the decision of the emperor to the central functional departments and the local prefectures and counties to realize the governance of the world .
In the fourth chapter , the relationship between the prime minister ' s prime minister and the left and right divisions was examined . The relationship between the prime minister ' s prime minister and the left and right divisions was examined .
In chapter five , the relationship between the king and the emperor is expounded . The first section reveals the position of the Jin Dynasty prime minister system in the operation of government affairs . The second section examines the control mechanism of the emperor to the prime minister . The second section examines the control mechanism of the emperor to prime minister . The emperor thus has the power to control the prime minister . The emperor thus collects information and conveys political order , so as to prevent the spread of the prime minister .
The last part is the conclusion , on the basis of summarizing the whole text , this paper expounds the historical function , characteristics and historical position of the Jin Dynasty prime minister system .

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K246.4;D691.2

【参考文献】