明代山东知县考论

发布时间：2018-05-10 10:10

本文选题：明代山东知县 + 籍贯　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 县是中国古代政治体系中最基层的地方行政区划。县最早起源春秋时期,一直延续至今。学界关于县制的研究硕果累累,然而,相对于两汉、唐、宋、清等来说,关于明代县制的研究较为薄弱。其中很少有专门研究明代知县的论文,而对于明代某一地方知县的研究则寥寥无几。所以本文试图以明代山东知县为切入点,进而结合山东地方志资料,从知县的籍贯、出身、任期、升迁及职能等方面展开论述。全文分为六部分：第一部分是绪论,主要是回顾了近五十年学界关于县制的研究状况。通过对比,发现明代职官在区域史方面研究较弱。接着,阐述了本文的写作意图及研究价值。第二部分是简单勾勒出明代以前知县的设置沿革。第三部分是详述明代山东知县的籍贯和出身。通过对山东地方志关于知县籍贯和出身的统计,得出明代山东知县主要来自邻省,基本上遵循籍贯回避制度。而明前期知县的出身主要是监生；明中后期,进士举人出身的知县占绝大多数。另外,因山东内部地域差异,西三府进士出身的知县要比东三府多。第四部分探讨了知县的任期及升迁情况。由于不同时期社会形势和统治者的需求不同,明前期知县任期为一般九年,而后期平均为三年,甚至更短。关于知县的升迁,本文主要从知县的升迁标准、升迁速度和方向三方面进行分析。明初,知县实行久任制度,按政绩考核,有才者高升重用；而明中后期,知县迁调频繁,且进士出身的知县升迁快,容易进入台署中央任职,举监出身的知县则很难得到升迁。第五部分是对知县职能的论述。知县职责主要集中为听讼断狱、征税派役、劝课农桑、打击盗贼、兴学教化以及兴修公共工程等。其中,明前期知县的施政重点是兴学劝农,明中后期则主要是完赋纳粮。第六部分是结语,对文章进行概括总结。对明代山东知县的研究,不仅反映了明代国家机构的运作体制,也对现代县制的研究有所裨益。
[Abstract]:County is the most basic local administrative division in the ancient Chinese political system. County originated in the Spring and Autumn period, has continued to this day. However, compared with the Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, the research on county system in Ming Dynasty is relatively weak. There are few papers devoted to the county in Ming Dynasty, but very few to a certain place in Ming Dynasty. So this paper tries to take the county of Shandong as the breakthrough point in Ming Dynasty, and then combine the local records of Shandong, from the origin, origin, tenure, promotion and function of the county. The paper is divided into six parts: the first part is the introduction, mainly reviews the recent 50 years of academic research on county system. By comparison, it is found that the study of the regional history of the Ming Dynasty officials is weak. Then, it expounds the writing intention and research value of this paper. The second part is a simple outline of the Ming Dynasty before the county establishment evolution. The third part details the origin and origin of Shandong county in Ming Dynasty. Based on the statistics on the origin and origin of the local chronicles of Shandong, it is concluded that the county of Shandong in Ming Dynasty mainly came from the neighboring provinces and basically followed the system of avoidance of origin. In the early Ming Dynasty, the origin of the county was mainly prison students; in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the majority of the people were born in the county. In addition, due to the geographical differences within Shandong, the West three came from the county more than the east. The fourth part discusses the term of office and promotion of the county. Due to the different social situation and the needs of the rulers in different periods, the term of the county in the early Ming Dynasty was nine years in general, but the average in the latter period was three years, or even shorter. As to the promotion of Zhixian, this paper mainly analyzes the promotion standard, promotion speed and direction. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the county was appointed for a long time. According to the achievements of the government, those who had talent were promoted and reused. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the county of the county was transferred frequently, and the magistrate who came from the school was promoted quickly, so it was easy to enter the central government of the Taiwan Affairs Department, and it was very difficult to get a promotion from the county where the governor was born. The fifth part is about the function of county control. The duties of county control mainly include hearing and breaking prison, taxing and serving, persuading farmers to teach mulberry, cracking down on thieves, setting up education and building public works, and so on. In the early Ming Dynasty, the administrative focus of the county was to build schools and persuade farmers, and the middle and late Ming Dynasty was mainly to pay grain. The sixth part is the conclusion, carries on the summary to the article. The study of Shandong county in Ming Dynasty not only reflects the operating system of state institutions in Ming Dynasty, but also contributes to the study of modern county system.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K248

【参考文献】