16至19世纪中日“统治体制”变革思想之比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 20:31

本文选题：统治体制 + 变革　；参考：《史学集刊》2010年05期

【摘要】：16至19世纪,在西力东侵、西学东渐的背景下,中日两国思想界关于统治秩序和统治体制变革诸问题展开了深入探讨。从时间上看,日本思想精英率先对幕藩体制提出质疑,并围绕"体制转换"问题展开了激烈论争。而同时期的中国其"政体改革"声音则较微弱,两国存在明显的"时间差"。在体制变革路向的问题上,日本的"政体变易"思想并非简单模仿西方"民主体制",而是采取了"王政复古"的方式,建立了以天皇绝对主义为特征的政权,其实质是从纯粹的封建国家体制向封建主义的最后政治形态专制王制的转变。而同时期中国的统治体制变革思想及运动则启动较晚,表现出较为激进的发展态势。尤其在19世纪末叶温和的政治改革运动宣告失败后,迅速出现革命风潮,最终在1912年推翻清王朝,建立了亚洲首个共和国。中日两国关于统治体制变革思想不同趋向的演进,对中日两国近代国家体制的形成及现代化的不同命运产生了巨大影响。
[Abstract]:From the 16th to 19th century, under the background of the invasion of Xi Li to the east and the eastward spread of western learning, the ideological circles of China and Japan deeply discussed the problems of the ruling order and the reform of the ruling system. From the point of view of time, the Japanese ideological elite took the lead in questioning the curtain-vassal system and launched a fierce debate about "system transformation". In the same period, the voice of "regime reform" in China was weak, and there was obvious "time difference" between the two countries. On the question of the direction of system change, Japan's thought of "regime change" did not simply imitate the western "democratic system", but adopted the way of "regal government to restore ancient times" and established a regime characterized by emperor's absolutism. Its essence is the transformation from the pure feudal state system to the last political form of feudalism, autocratic monarchy. At the same time, the thought and movement of China's ruling system reform started later, showing a more radical development trend. Especially after the defeat of the moderate political reform movement in the late 19th century, the revolutionary tide appeared rapidly, finally overthrew the Qing Dynasty in 1912 and established the first republic in Asia. The evolution of Chinese and Japanese ideas on the reform of the ruling system has had a great impact on the formation of the modern national system and the different destinies of modernization between China and Japan.
【作者单位】：吉林大学哲学社会学院;
【分类号】：K207;K313

【共引文献】