明代科举士子时文阅读初探

发布时间：2018-05-19 01:04

本文选题：时文 + 阅读史　；参考：《古代文明》2017年01期

【摘要】：在科举制度发展成熟的明代,时文作为科举士子的必修课已逐渐成为官方取士最重要的文体。时文阅读由明初的明令禁止到明中期的普及化、群体化发展,最后到明末的士子"非举业不览",每一阶段都与科举制度、出版业发展息息相关、互为影响。时文因其特殊的政治属性而备受关注,在明代拥有最大的阅读群体,士子因切磋揣摩时文写作而结成文社,文社规模的发展壮大也对科举取士产生了不容小觑的影响。时文阅读逐渐将经典的神圣阅读带向了工具性阅读,阅读的工具属性带动了明代出版业的兴盛发展,坊刻、私刻时文刊本的充盈不仅满足了应举士子的阅读需求,为其提供应试捷径,同时还将时文的文学地位大幅度提升,赋予了时文阅读更多的文化属性和内涵。时文的读者、作者、出版者在彼此独立的同时,角色随时可以互相转换,可以说,明代时文阅读活动中的士子承载着多重身份,这种特殊性也在一定程度上反映出明代士人复杂的心态和价值观。
[Abstract]:In the Ming Dynasty, when the imperial examination system was mature, Shi Wen, as a compulsory course of imperial examination, had gradually become the most important style for officials. From the early Ming Dynasty to the middle of Ming Dynasty, Shi Wen's reading was popularized and developed in groups. Finally, the late Ming scholars'"non-exaltation" was closely related to the imperial examination system, and the development of publishing industry was closely related to each other, and had a mutual influence on each other. Because of its special political attribute, Shi Wen has the largest reading group in the Ming Dynasty, and the literati formed a literary society because of discussing and speculating on his writing. The development and expansion of the literary society has also had an important influence on the imperial examination. The text reading gradually brought the classic sacred reading to the instrumental reading. The tool attribute of reading promoted the prosperity and development of the publishing industry in the Ming Dynasty. The filling of the books and periodicals of the Fang and the private inscriptions not only satisfied the reading needs of those who should hold the posts, but also promoted the development of the publishing industry in the Ming Dynasty. It provides examination-oriented shortcut and promotes the literary status of contemporary text greatly, which endows it with more cultural attributes and connotations. The readers, authors and publishers of Shi Wen can change their roles at any time while they are independent of each other. It can be said that the scholars in the reading activities of the Ming Dynasty carry many identities. To a certain extent, this particularity also reflects the complex mentality and values of the scholars in the Ming Dynasty.
【作者单位】：东北师范大学历史文化学院;
【分类号】：K248

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