王迹之兴起于闾巷:城市平民的兴起与秦末战争

发布时间：2018-05-19 01:45

本文选题：秦末起义 + 平民　；参考：《史学月刊》2017年02期

【摘要】：秦末战争为农民起义的说法,值得商榷。司马迁在《史记》中明确指出:"王迹之兴,起于闾巷。"考诸秦末起义各路豪杰,其领导群体大多是来自城市中的中下层平民,而非农民,即使是陈胜也非农民。秦末起义的领导群体之所以"起于闾巷",是与先秦时期城市的发展,城市社会结构的变化有着直接关系的。春秋战国至秦,随着城市经济的发展以及政治上的礼崩乐坏,城市的数量、规模以及功能性质都发生了变迁。城市社会也发生了巨大的变迁,士成为城市社会中的重要力量,商人在社会生活中扮演着日益重要的角色,城市下层社会的各色平民也在城市的政治生活中崭露头角。秦朝统一后,加强了对城市社会的控制,也激化了社会矛盾,导致秦末起义的爆发和秦朝政权的速亡。秦末起义是一场发生在城市社会中以反抗暴政为号召的权力转移战争,改变了夏、商、周权力更替的模式,开启了"平民"可以建立王朝的时代。
[Abstract]:The end of Qin Dynasty war for peasant uprisings, worthy of discussion. In the Records of History, Si Maqian makes it clear that "the king rises in alleys." In the late Qin Dynasty, most of the leaders came from the middle and lower class of the city, not the peasants. Even Chen Sheng was not a peasant. The leading group of the uprisings in the late Qin Dynasty "originated from the alley", which is directly related to the development of the city and the change of the social structure of the city in the pre-Qin period. From the Spring and Autumn period to the Qin Dynasty, with the development of urban economy and the failure of politics, the number, scale and function of cities have changed. Great changes have taken place in urban society, scholars have become an important force in urban society, businessmen have played an increasingly important role in social life, and various kinds of civilians in urban lower society have also emerged in the political life of cities. After the unification of Qin Dynasty, it strengthened the control of the urban society and intensified the social contradictions, which led to the outbreak of uprisings in the late Qin Dynasty and the rapid fall of the Qin regime. The uprising in the late Qin Dynasty was a power transfer war called for resistance to tyranny in the urban society, which changed the mode of power change in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and opened the era in which "civilians" could establish a dynasty.
【作者单位】：四川大学城市史研究所;四川大学城市史研究所博士后工作站;
【基金】：国家哲学社会科学“十二五”规划重点项目“中国城市通史编纂”(12AZD083)
【分类号】：K233

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