论南宋经界法的实施及其影响

发布时间：2018-05-19 17:36

本文选题：土地制度 + 李椿年　；参考：《东北师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地是中国古代最重要的生产资料，土地所有制经历了从“普天之下，，莫非王土”的国家所有到私人占有的变化。宋朝建立以来，土地制度和政策经历了几个阶段，分别是：太祖时期的“不抑兼并”、真宗、仁宗时期的“限田”、神宗时期王安石的“方田法”、南宋“经界法”，最后是贾似道的“公田法”这样几个阶段，每一时期的土地制度和政策的实施都反映了土地占有关系自身演变的规律和统治集团干预土地占有的企图。本文将对南宋时实施的“经界法”状况及其影响进行考察和研究。南宋政府为保证国家赋税收入，采用了李椿年的“经界”措施，南宋的经界法是北宋时期“田制不立”、“限田”、“方田法”的延续，它们之间有着相承的关系。南宋断断续续几番起落实施的经界法，其过程颇为曲折。其理论依据是孟子所说的一句话“夫仁政必自经界始，经界不正，井地不均，谷禄不平”。高宗在位，经界法在绍兴十三年（1143年）正式开始实施，到绍兴十九年（1149年）基本结束。在此以后，朱熹在福建南部的汀、漳一带实施，宋宁宗嘉定时，婺州也实施过经界法，而到宋理宗时又重拾此法，但是这些实施都没有取得李椿年所主持的第一次经界法那样的显著效果。经界法旨在通过对土地的清丈，明晰土地产权，纠正隐田漏税的弊端，进而增加政府的财政收入，使“民有定产，产有定税，税有定籍”。通过实施经界法查出大量田亩，增加了政府的财政收入，此外经界法的实施对元明清时期土地制度的影响也颇为深远。
[Abstract]:Land is the most important means of production in ancient China. The ownership of land has changed from the state ownership to private ownership. Since the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the land system and policy have gone through several stages. They are: "not restraining annexation" in Taizu period, "restricting farmland" in Ren Zong period, "Fangtian method" in Shenzong period, and "Classical Law" in Southern Song Dynasty. Finally, there are several stages of Jia Daoo's "Public farmland Law". The implementation of land system and policy in each period reflects the law of the evolution of the land tenure relationship and the attempt of the ruling group to intervene in the land tenure. This paper will investigate and study the status and influence of the "law of the boundary" implemented in the Southern Song Dynasty. In order to ensure the tax revenue of the state, the government of the Southern Song Dynasty adopted Li Chun-nian 's measures of "the economic boundary". The law of the Southern Song Dynasty was the continuation of "no land system", "limited field" and "square field law" in the Northern Song Dynasty, and there was a relationship between them. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the law of the boundary was implemented intermittently and intermittently, and the process was rather tortuous. Its theoretical basis is Mencius said, "husband benevolence must be from the beginning of the Meridian boundary, wrong, uneven well, Gulu uneven." Gao Zong was in power, and the law began to be implemented in Shaoxing in 13 years (1143), and basically ended in 19 years (1149) in Shaoxing. Since then, Zhu Xi has been implemented in the areas of Ting and Zhang in southern Fujian. When Song Ningzong was in Jiading, Wuzhou also implemented the law of the meridian boundary, and by the time of Song Lizong, the law was picked up again. However, none of these practices has achieved the remarkable effect of Li Chun-nien 's first meridian method. The purpose of the law is to clear the land property right, correct the drawback of hidden land tax evasion, and then increase the government's financial revenue, so that "people have fixed property, property has fixed tax, tax has fixed register". Through the implementation of the law, a large number of acres of land were found, which increased the government's financial revenue. In addition, the implementation of the law also had a profound impact on the land system during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K245;F329

【参考文献】