金末义军与晚金军事研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 21:05

本文选题：金末 + 义军　；参考：《河北大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：金朝末期，大量被称作“义军”的军队走上了历史舞台，在金朝末年的军事机器运转中发挥了重要的作用。金末义军，根据移民因素可以划分为南渡义军、未南渡义军。从人员构成上来看，南渡义军以南渡移民为主，，未南渡义军以本土居民为主。南渡义军受到金朝政府的政治干预较强，未南渡义军则较弱。金末设置大量的“遥授”及“遥领”官，根据对史籍的分析，“遥授”应为正式称谓，“遥领”则为非正式称谓。“遥授”（遥领）官授予遵循就近原则。主要授予对象是和军事行动有关系的官员。并部分取代了原武散官阶的职能。金朝南渡义军的部署主要沿黄河—潼关一线展开，从黄河中游的葭州开始，经过牛心寨、桢州、同州、河中府、潼关、陕州、中京、郑州、新旧卫州、开封府、睢州、单州、归德府、徐州、邳州，以及潼关一线纵深的商州、虢州、申州、裕州、嵩州、汝州等，布防严密，层层相扣。这一防线为历朝历代防御黄河最周密者。金朝末年南侵南宋，主要目的在于获取粮食等战略物资。野战方面主要使用春季突袭，集中使用骑兵、步骑联合以及步兵轮番攻击的战术。在攻略方向上，主要根据“泰和南征”的经验，不去攻击大型州军级城市，攻略对象以中小型州军、县级山水寨为主。蒙古侵金，主要采取了最大限度地削弱金朝的人力和物力资源的道路。金朝义军，在野战方面，发展了攻击“游骑”、袭击、以步制骑、提高战斗坚忍性及骑兵对骑兵等多种战法，给予蒙古军一定的打击。在守城方面成效不大。河北、河东地区则主要面对蒙古骑兵及其汉地世侯，利用水寨和山寨，采取袭扰与反袭扰作战。金朝末期出现了大量的忠义殉节人群，基本上涵盖了金朝统治下的各个民族、阶级，主要是各种既得利益者，尤以义军为突出。同时，金末忠义殉节群体在宋、元、明、清各代一直受到尊重，这种状况一直到清末才改变。金末义军发挥了重要的历史作用，促进了晚金政治结构的变化，义军在金朝获取资源及政治地位有了显著的提高。同时，义军也在一定程度上促进了金朝晚期的民族融合。
[Abstract]:At the end of the Jin Dynasty, a large number of troops, known as Rebellion, stepped onto the historical stage and played an important role in the operation of the military machine in the late Jin Dynasty. According to the immigration factors, the Rebellion in the late Jin Dynasty can be divided into the Nandu Rebellion and the Nandu Rebellion. In terms of personnel composition, Nandu Rebellion is dominated by emigrants, while Nandu Rebellion is dominated by native residents. The Nandu Rebellion was strongly interfered with by the Jin Dynasty government, but the Nandu Rebellion was weaker. According to the analysis of historical records, "teleteaching" should be a formal term, and "remote receiving" is an informal term. The conferral of a remote officer follows the principle of proximity. The main award is to officials connected with military operations. And partly replaced the function of the rank of the original Wu San. The deployment of the Jin Chao Nandu Rebellion was mainly carried out along the Yellow River-Tongguan line. Starting from Jiazhou in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, through Niuxinzhai, Zhenzhou, Tongzhou, Tongzhou, Tongguan, Shanzhou, Zhongjing, Zhengzhou, New and Old Wei prefectures, Kaifeng, Suizhou, and Monozhou. Gui de Fu, Xuzhou, Pizhou, as well as Tongguan in the depth of the first line of Shangzhou, Guo state, Shenzhou, Yuzhou, Song state, Ruzhou, such as tight cloth, layer by layer. This line of defense has been the most thorough defense of the Yellow River in successive dynasties. In the late Jin Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty invaded the south, the main purpose was to obtain strategic supplies such as grain. In the field, the main use of spring raids, concentrated use of cavalry, riding combined, and infantry rotation attack tactics. In the direction of strategy, mainly according to the experience of "Taihe Nanzheng", not to attack large state military-level cities, the targets of the strategy are small and medium-sized state army, county mountain and water villages. Mongolia invaded gold, mainly took the way of weakening the human and material resources of Jin Dynasty to the maximum extent. The Jin Dynasty Rebellion, in the field, developed the attack "Rover", the attack, with the step system riding, enhances the combat endurance and the cavalry to cavalry and so on many kinds of combat methods, to give the Mongolian army certain attack. Little success has been achieved in defending the city. Hebei, Hedong region, mainly facing Mongolian cavalry and the Han Dynasty Hou, the use of water and shanzhai, the use of harassment and anti-harassment operations. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, there appeared a large number of loyal and righteous martyrs, which basically covered the various nationalities and classes under the Jin Dynasty, mainly all kinds of vested interests, especially the Rebellion. At the same time, in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the loyalty and righteousness groups in the late Jin Dynasty were always respected, which did not change until the end of the Qing Dynasty. The Rebellion of the late Jin Dynasty played an important role in history and promoted the change of the political structure of the late Jin Dynasty. At the same time, the Rebellion also promoted the ethnic integration in the late Jin Dynasty to some extent.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：E291;K246.4

【参考文献】