宋代的资本与社会

发布时间：2018-05-28 09:11

  本文选题：宋代 + 商业　； 参考：《首都师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年05期

【摘要】：宋代资本的集中大致有三个途径:一是来自政府机构为权贵高官支付的优厚俸禄。二是土地占有者凭借土地经营,集中了一笔可观的金银铜钱。三是坐商巨贾通过长途贩运货物,从两地间批发商业提取商业利润,并从中形成巨额财富。宋代的富商大贾是由交引铺、金银财帛铺、邸店停塌之家构成。特别是由金融业进行的高利贷资本的积累,是当时商业活动的最显著的表现。它以极高的利率贷款给小农民、手工业者以及地主、商人和官僚,在短期内获得巨大的财富。货币财富的增长,促使商业资本和高利贷资本的集中。宋代福建的发展不是江浙地区发展的翻版,商业资本和高利贷资本的集中对经济与社会的发展所起的带动作用较之两浙地区要更大。商业资本和高利贷资本的投资方向主要是土地、房产以及通过对仓库、旅馆业、金融业、运输业、客商的投资而进行的。宋代商业资本和高利贷资本表现了这样一个趋势:同官僚、地主逐步结合,形成为官、商、地主的三位一体,在宋代社会结构中形成一个重要势力。
[Abstract]:There are three ways to concentrate capital in Song Dynasty: one is the generous salaries paid by government agencies for senior officials. Second, land occupants by virtue of land management, concentrated a considerable amount of gold, silver and copper money. Third, through long-distance trafficking of goods, merchants draw commercial profits from wholesale businesses between the two places, and form huge wealth from them. The rich merchants of the Song Dynasty were made up of the shop, the shop of gold, silver and money, and the residence shop. In particular, the accumulation of usury capital by the financial sector was the most prominent manifestation of commercial activities at that time. It loaned to small farmers, craftsmen, landlords, businessmen, and bureaucrats at extremely high interest rates, earning huge wealth in the short term. The growth of monetary wealth promotes the concentration of commercial capital and usury capital. The development of Fujian in Song Dynasty is not a copy of the development of Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions. The concentration of commercial capital and usury capital plays a more important role in promoting the development of economy and society than in the two regions. Commercial capital and usury capital are mainly invested in land, real estate and through investment in warehouses, hotels, finance, transportation, and merchants. Commercial capital and usury capital in Song Dynasty showed such a trend: gradually combined with bureaucrats and landlords, forming the trinity of officials, merchants and landlords, forming an important force in the social structure of the Song Dynasty.
【作者单位】： 首都师范大学历史学院;
【分类号】：K244
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本文编号：1946127