北宋皇宫宿卫禁军诸问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 09:49

本文选题：北宋 + 皇宫　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：在中国古代,自从产生拥有权力极大的君主,便有了专职负责其安全的禁卫人员。历代沿革,王朝更替,而负责君主安全的禁卫机构一直存在。从表面概念上看,宿卫禁军涵盖之范围不断扩展,大致经历着由君主亲从向外朝军职或武官不断变化的趋势,但客观上承担帝王近身扈从之军队只能是各王朝的部分武力。在北宋之前的历史演进中,虽然各代王朝于禁卫名称或组成上各有差异,但却表现出一些共同特征。皇宫宿卫禁军效命的终极目的在于皇帝与皇宫。北宋都城东京之皇城、宫城为同一城,它是在继承前朝基础上形成和发展起来的,宋人习惯上也称大内。北宋皇宫殿宇众多,势必有数量可观的禁卫；其宿卫制度颇为森严,这从当时部分禁卫律法可窥一斑；皇帝对宿卫禁军普遍重视,主要表现于禁军的拔擢以及律法约束等层面。在理论上北宋禁军皆为皇帝禁卫军队,但殿前司与皇城司等机构统率的禁军,包括诸班直、宽衣天武官、皇城司亲从亲事官等,具体承担着皇宫宿卫职责。御前忠佐军头司、骐骥院等不属于皇宫宿卫禁军之行列。北宋三衙禁军在总体形势上承担着拱卫京师和皇宫的职责。殿前军是北宋皇宫宿卫的主要力量之一,其历史可以追溯至唐代中期,经过五代的演变和发展,逐渐成为皇帝常设的禁卫武装。北宋殿前亲卫禁军如诸班直,无论于形式和内容,皆深受晚唐五代乱世社会的影响。皇帝禁卫军队以“班”、“直”形式来组织管理,并以之而番号,这是晚唐五代以来历史社会的新现象。北宋建国后,殿前班直大部分承袭了后周的禁军体系,所谓“其最亲近扈从者,号诸班直”。皇城司之原本职能首先在于禁卫皇城、扈从皇帝的军事方面。北宋皇城司禁军包括亲从、亲事官等,是皇宫宿卫的主要力量之一。宽衣天武禁军在皇宫禁卫中占据一席之地,应与历史的顺延性和习惯性有很大关系。北宋帝王重视皇宫宿卫,对于宿卫禁军的素质状况更非常关注,尽可能在制度上保障吸纳到最满意的人才为己所用。这些制度就是关于皇宫宿卫禁军的拣选召募、技能训练、法律规章以及俸禄待遇等具体的政策法规,但是在实际执行过程中又存在别样情况。皇宫宿卫禁军作为赵宋王朝禁军的精锐力量,是国家武装力量之一,自然也受到当时传统治国方针的影响。北宋一朝比较传统和典型的治国方针便是“崇文抑武”之国策。在特殊的政治环境下,北宋皇宫宿卫禁军呈现出一些比较鲜明的时代特征。
[Abstract]:In ancient China, since the generation of monarchs with great power, there was a full-time ban on the security of the guards. The successive dynasties, the dynasties replaced, and the forbidden body responsible for the security of the monarch existed all the time. The trend of change, but the army that objectively bears the emperor's close quarters, is only part of the force of the dynasties. In the historical evolution of the Northern Song Dynasty, although the dynasties were different in the name or composition of the forbidden men, there were some common features.
The ultimate aim of the imperial palace guard's service was the emperor and the Imperial Palace, the imperial city of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty, the imperial city of the Northern Song Dynasty, the same city as the same city, which was formed and developed on the basis of inheriting the former dynasty. The emperor had a glimpse of the law; the emperor paid great attention to the guard against the guard, mainly manifested in the promotion of the forbidden army and the restriction of the law. In theory, the forbidden army in the Northern Song Dynasty was the emperor's forbidden army, but the prohibition of the army in the northern Song Dynasty and the Royal City Department, including the straight, the broad clothes heaven military officers, the imperial family, and the relatives of the Royal City, took on the imperial palace. The three government of the Northern Song Dynasty took on the responsibilities of the Beijing Teachers and the Imperial Palace in the general situation.
The Royal Palace was one of the main forces of the palace guard of the Imperial Palace in the Northern Song Dynasty. Its history can be traced back to the middle of the Tang Dynasty. After the evolution and development of the Five Dynasties, the emperor gradually became the permanent ban on the emperor's guard. After the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, the front of the Northern Song Dynasty, after the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, most inherited the following week's military system, the so-called "the most close to the squire, the straight". The original function of the royal city was first in the Forbidden City, the Emperor's military aspect. The emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. It is one of the main forces of the palace guard, which is one of the main forces of the Imperial Palace, which has a place in the palace guard. It should be related to the deferred and customary history of the history.
The emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty attached great importance to the imperial palace guard and paid more attention to the quality of the guards, and as far as possible to protect the most satisfied talents for their own use. These systems were specific policies and regulations concerning the selection of the forbidden army of the Imperial Palace, skills training, laws and regulations, and salaries, but it was actually carried out. There is another situation in the course.
The forbidden army of the Imperial Palace, as the elite force of the forbidden army of the Zhao and Song Dynasties, was one of the state armed forces and was influenced by the traditional policy of governing the country at that time. The traditional and typical policy of governing the country in the Northern Song Dynasty was the national policy of "Chongwen restraining martial arts". Characteristics of the times.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K244;E291

【引证文献】