宋代宣徽院研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 13:24

本文选题：宋代 + 宣徽院　；参考：《河北大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：宣徽院最初为中国古代总管宫廷内务之机构，唐中后期始置，五代、北宋沿袭，其职权日益外廷化，神宗元丰改制后废罢，哲宗时期宣徽使名曾短暂复置，绍圣三年复废，终宋之世再无设置。辽、西夏、金、元诸朝均有宣徽院之设，权势颇重。明、清宣徽院昙花一现，置而旋罢。宋代宣徽院存在的120余年间，机构设置完备，分南北两院，下设兵、骑、仓、胄四案。主官为宣徽南院使和宣徽北院使，属官、吏人包括提点枢密宣徽院诸房公事、勾押官、知客等。宋代宣徽使姓名可考者共计44名。宣徽使“居执政之次”，多以勋德重臣充任，地位尊崇，常与枢密院贰官互兼，宣徽使或出领外镇，或本院供职，但其并非加官，实际权力介于半实半虚之间。宣徽院的职能主要有：总领内诸司，掌诸司三班内侍之名籍，礼宾赞引、通唤宣答，监察鞫劾，铨选低级武臣，主管京城部分缮修工程，，讨论国政事宜，管理进贡物品，编修本院条例及其它临时性事务。宋代宣徽院虽远不如唐、五代、辽、金、元诸朝代职权庞大，但亦绝不是“无所职掌”的闲散机构。“总领内诸司”虽言过其实，但亦有踪迹可循。宣徽使位高职显，多承担出领外镇或临时性军事职能，重要场合的礼宾赞引、通唤宣答等，管辖范围甚为庞杂。宋代宣徽院衰落和废罢的原因主要有：一、五代后周以来宣徽院外廷化的发展趋势；二、“崇文抑武”国策的影响；三、加强中央集权，强化皇权的需要；四、衙署位置和名实不符的矛盾；五、自身职权的不明确；六、官制改革的影响。纵观中国古代宣徽院制度的发展历史，宣徽院由最初的内廷宦官机构，发展为外廷重要的中央政府机构。与宋代宣徽院的衰落不同，宣徽院制度在辽、西夏、金、元等民族政权中生根发芽，呈现出蓬勃发展之势。金元时期是宣徽院制度的辉煌时期。在对唐、五代、辽、宋、西夏、金、元诸政权宣徽院的纵横对比中，观察得出“外重内轻”和“同源殊途”两种政治现象。这些对于探索中国古代政治制度变迁而言，有着重要的思考价值。
[Abstract]:The Xuanhuiyuan was originally the institution of the internal affairs of the court in ancient China. It was first set up in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, followed by the five dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty. Its functions and powers were increasingly externalized. After the reform of Shenzong's Yuanfeng system, it was scrapped. During the period of Zhe Zong, the name of the Xuanhui emblem was briefly reinstalled, and Shaosheng was reinstated for three years. The end of the Song Dynasty no longer set. Liao, Xixia, Jin, Yuan dynasties all have Xuanhuiyuan, powerful quite heavy. Ming, Qing Dynasty Xuanhuiyuan a flash in the pan, home and spin it. Xuanhui Yuan in the Song Dynasty existed for more than 120 years, the organization was completely set up, divided into two chambers of the North and South, under the military, riding, Cang, Zhou four cases. The chief official is the ambassador of Xuanhuinan Yuan and the envoy of Xuanhuibei Yuan, belonging to the officials and officials, including the official affairs of the houses of the Xuanan Yuan, the officials of the arraignment, the officials of knowing the guest, and so on. The Song Dynasty Xuanhui so that the name can be tested a total of 44. Xuanhui makes "the second in power", mostly with honours and virtues as important officials and respected status, and often interacts with other officials of the Privy Council. The declaration of emblem is either out of town or in this Council, but it is not an additional official, but the actual power is between half solid and half empty. The main functions of the Xuanhui Institute are as follows: the departments in charge of the posts, the names of the officials in charge of the three classes, the concierge admonition, the public call and reply, the supervision and impeachment, the election of lower military ministers in the Civil Service, the charge of the repair works in some parts of the capital, the discussion of state affairs, and the management of the tribute items. Compile regulations and other temporary matters. Although the Yuan of Xuanhui in the Song Dynasty was far less powerful than the Tang, five dynasties, Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties, it was by no means a idle organization without a job. Although the Chief executives are exaggerating, there is also a trail to follow. Xuanhui makes it clear that it has many military functions outside its territory or temporary military functions. The concierge of important occasions is cited, and its jurisdiction is very complicated. The main reasons for the decline and abolishment of the Xuanhui Institute in the Song Dynasty are as follows: first, the development trend of the outer court of the Xuanhui Academy since the five dynasties; second, the influence of the national policy of "worshipping literature and suppressing military force"; third, the need to strengthen the centralization of power and the strengthening of imperial power; and fourthly, The contradiction between the position of the Yazhou and the name and reality; fifthly, the ambiguity of its own authority; sixth, the influence of the reform of the official system. Throughout the history of ancient China's Xuanhuiyuan system, Xuanhuiyuan developed from the original eunuch institution of the Inner Court to an important central government institution. Different from the decline of Xuanhui Institute in Song Dynasty, Xuanhui Institute system took root and sprouted in Liao, Xixia, Jin, Yuan and other ethnic regimes, showing a trend of vigorous development. Jin Yuan Dynasty was the glorious period of Xuanhuiyuan system. In the comparison between Tang, five dynasties, Liao, Song, Xixia, Jin and Yuan dynasties, two political phenomena were observed. These have important thinking value for exploring the changes of ancient Chinese political system.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K244

【参考文献】