唐代剑南西川节度使的政治地理研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 05:01

本文选题：剑南西川 + 节度使　；参考：《北京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：西川是唐代统治的腹心地区，又是经略西南边境的前沿，其治乱形势直接关系到唐朝的兴亡。本文以政治地理的视角，选取三个主题对唐代剑南西川节度使进行研究：（一）地方政区的变革对于唐代后期的节度使、州、县三级行政区划，学界早已达成共识，但对于唐代前期地方行政区划的结构及其转变的过程尚存争论。那么剑南西川是如何从益州都督府转变为方镇的呢？都督府是否与州同级呢？史料表明，唐代都督府的情况较为复杂，有一类都府与州的地位相似，而益州都督的地位较为特殊，它在唐初尚统辖数州军事，后来这一职能逐渐减弱。但是，在玄宗初期，益州都督府就已开始监察剑南道的州，此后又逐渐掌握了一道的军事、行政、财政等权力，，成为州以上的新一级政区。（二）中央与地方的关系唐代中后期的中央与方镇的关系一直是学界研究的热点，西川方镇同时兼具御边、财源和防遏等职能。在地方与中央的关系中，西川方镇先后经历了叛乱、拒命、顺从、割据等形态，因此集中反映了唐代多数方镇的情况。研究表明，唐朝起初采取了分割划小辖区的办法来加强对西川方镇的控制，但是这种办法不仅收效甚微，甚至引起了方镇之间的冲突，最后造成严重的地方危机。从宪宗起，逐渐转变了应对方镇的策略，通过任命文官担任节度使等措施，加强了中央对西川的控制。但是，僖宗时期的黄巢之乱打破了中央与方镇的平衡格局，中央势力迅速衰落并退出西川，地方军阀成为西川的主导力量，形成方镇割据的局面。（三）边疆经略在唐与吐蕃、南诏的关系中，西川一直扮演着重要角色。事实证明，节度使的作为对于西川的边疆经略有巨大的影响。德宗时期的韦皋、懿宗时期的李师望与僖宗时期的高骈代表了不同历史背景下边疆经略的成就与失败。灵活的外交手段和强大的军事力量才能维护国家对边疆地区的有效统治。
[Abstract]:Xichuan is the central region ruled by Tang Dynasty and the frontier along the southwestern border. It is directly related to the rise and fall of Tang Dynasty. This paper, from the perspective of political geography, selects three themes to study the Jiannan Xichuan Keystone in Tang Dynasty: (1) the changes of local administrative districts in the late Tang Dynasty are divided into three administrative divisions, namely, regional, state and county administrative divisions. Scholars have already reached a consensus, but the early Tang Dynasty about the structure of local administrative divisions and the process of transformation are still controversial. So how did Xichuan change from the government house of Yizhou to the town of Fang? Is the Government House at the same level as the state? The historical data show that the situation of the government houses in Tang Dynasty is more complex, and one kind of capital prefectures have similar status with the states, while the position of the governor of the capital of Yizhou is relatively special, it still governs the military affairs of several states in the early Tang Dynasty, but this function gradually weakens later. However, at the beginning of Xuanzong, the government house of Yizhou began to monitor the state of Jiannan Dao, and then gradually mastered a military, administrative, financial and other powers, and became a new administrative district above the state level. (2) the relationship between the central government and the local government in the middle and late Tang Dynasty has always been a hot research topic in academic circles. Xichuan Fangzhen has the functions of imperial border control, financial resources and prevention of repression at the same time. In the relationship between the local government and the central government, Xichuan Fangzhen experienced the forms of rebellion, denial of life, obedience, separation, and so on, which reflected the situation of most of the towns in Tang Dynasty. The study shows that the Tang Dynasty initially adopted the method of dividing the small areas to strengthen the control of Xichuan Fangzhen, but this method not only had little effect, but even caused the conflict between the towns and fangs, resulting in a serious local crisis. From the time of the constitution, the strategy of responding to the other town was gradually changed, and the central government strengthened the control of Xichuan by appointing civil servants as conservationists. However, the disorder of Huang Chao in Xi Zong period broke the balance between the central government and the town, the central power declined rapidly and withdrew from Xichuan, and the local warlords became the leading force of Xichuan, forming the situation of the separation of Fang town. (3) Xichuan played an important role in the relationship between Tang Dynasty and Tibetan and Nanzhao. It turns out that sectionality has a slight impact on the Xichuan Border Classic. Wei Gao in Dezong period, Li Shiwang in Yi Zong period and Gao Pian in Xi Zong period represent the achievements and failures of border classics in different historical backgrounds. Flexible diplomatic means and powerful military force can maintain the effective rule of the country over the border area.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K242

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