中国古代政治盟约从盟主体制下到帝国体制下的变迁

发布时间：2018-06-27 10:38

本文选题：政治盟约 + 盟主体制　；参考：《北京师范大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 中国古代的政治盟约,在春秋时代进入其典型形态,到战国以降,产生了巨大的转变,随即又在汉帝国的产生过程中扮演重要角色。政治盟约在帝国体制下被改造,而在帝国崩溃时期,表现出更新的面貌。在春秋时代,政治盟约承担着维系诸侯国家共同体的功能。通过政治盟约,若干政治原理从诸侯国家的具体关系中被提炼出来,成为了盟主体制的基本原则。从春秋诸侯国家之间的自由盟誓到盟主体系确立的过程,也是政治盟约所反映的原理从具体向抽象过渡并且形成一个稳固体系的过程。在战国时期,春秋类型的诸侯国家关系不复存在,而政治盟约在此时重新又有了具体化和私人化的关系。所谓具体化,与盟主体系下的政治原理由具体而趋于抽象的过程相对;所谓私人化,则是指政治盟约的信用承载者已渐渐变为封君个人甚至游士。在国与国之间的盟约信誉下降时,此类私人交际之中重信义、盟约的因素得到激发。在反秦战争中,基于任侠和盟约精神的双重基础,大量的地域集团得以产生、联合,并对反秦战争与楚汉战争的进程产生了重大影响。汉帝国建立后,以“白马之盟”将延续自反秦与楚汉战争的具体君臣关系转化为基于抽象原则的新君臣关系。在汉——诸侯王国、汉——周边政权的问题上,政治盟约也被广泛利用。新莽末和东汉末的动乱中,政治盟约再次显著地出现,然而其主张的原则,已经深深地带有帝国体制的影子。
[Abstract]:The political covenant in ancient China entered its typical form in the Spring and Autumn period, and brought great changes to the warring States period, and then played an important role in the process of the formation of the Han Empire. The political covenant was reformed under the imperial system and renewed during the collapse of the empire. In the Spring and Autumn period, the political covenant assumed the function of maintaining the feudal state community. Through the political covenant, a number of political principles were abstracted from the specific relations of the feudal states and became the basic principles of the leadership system. The process from the vows of freedom between the vassal states of the Spring and Autumn period to the establishment of the system of leaders is also a process in which the principles reflected in the political covenants are transitioned from concrete to abstract and a firm system is formed. During the warring States period, the relationship between princes and princes of the Spring and Autumn period ceased to exist, and the political covenant had the relationship of concretization and personalization again. The so-called concretization is opposite to the concrete and abstract process of the political principle under the system of the leader of the alliance; the so-called personalization means that the bearer of the credit of the political covenant has gradually become a monarch or even a tourist. When the credibility of state-to-state covenants declines, such private communication emphasizes faithfulness and inspires the elements of the covenants. In the anti-Qin war, based on the dual foundation of Ren Xia and the spirit of the covenant, a large number of regional groups were formed, United, and had a great influence on the process of the anti-Qin war and the Chu and Han war. After the establishment of the Han Empire, the "League of White Horse" will continue the specific monarch and subject relations from the anti-Qin and the Chu and Han wars to the new monarchical relations based on abstract principles. Political covenants have also been widely used in the Han-feudal kingdoms, the Han-surrounding regimes. In the turmoil of the late New Mang and the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the political covenant appeared again, but the principles it advocated had a deep shadow of the imperial system.
【学位授予单位】：北京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K207

【引证文献】