贾谊的“安国惠民”思想研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 04:08

本文选题：贾谊 + 安国思想　；参考：《青海师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：贾谊的治国思想是在秦亡汉兴的历史背景下提出来的,其宗旨是为了安国惠民。贾谊的思想主要受到了儒家思想的影响,同时也兼采了法家思想、道家思想。他把这些思想派别提出的一些合理内容融合在一起并加以改进,形成了思想体系。贾谊看到了汉朝在统一后社会发展发生了细微的变化,提出了自己对社会情况的看法,这些看法是符合当时社会发展需要的。贾谊提出了安国的思想。他认为礼有等级之分,这种等级的差别是通过礼的外在表现——容体现出来的。礼的补充是法,是用于“已然之后”的。贾谊认为礼、法二者是相辅相成的,都是维护社会稳定,国家统一的重要手段。贾谊把秦朝灭亡的一个原因归结为秦二世的无知,他只注重严刑峻法,没有重视教育。他认为对太子的培养关乎以后国家命运的兴衰,对国家的发展有重要意义。为了加强中央集权,贾谊建议统治者对诸侯国采取“众建诸侯而少其力”的措施,削弱其势力；对匈奴采取“三表”、“五饵”的政策,削弱对汉王朝的威胁,达到使他们归附汉朝的目的。在经济上,贾谊反对私人铸铜币,把铸币权收归中央,抑制货防止币种类泛滥。他认为积贮是把握国家生死存亡的命脉,统治者应该重视储备粮食。关于惠民思想,贾谊对人民的看法与前人相比有一定的进步性。他认为统治者不但要爱民,还要利民、惠民。人民从事农业生产,让农民有田地可以耕种是利民、惠民的最好办法。综上所知,贾谊作为一位有远见的政治思想家,认识到了汉初社会的发展和变化,为达到安国惠民的目的,他阐述了自己的思想主张。尽管他的思想主张中的部分内容没有在他所处的那个时代变为统治者的施政措施,但是他的思想主张被后来的统治者采纳,变为国家政策颁布推行,对以后汉代社会的稳定发展发挥了重大作用,乃至在中国政治思想史上都占有举足轻重的地位,很值得后人继续深入研究。
[Abstract]:Jia Yi's thought of governing the country was put forward under the historical background of Qin Dynasty's death and Han Xing, and its purpose was to benefit the people. Jia Yi's thought was mainly influenced by Confucianism, but also adopted the thought of Legalism and Taoism. He fuses and improves some of the reasonable contents put forward by these schools of thought and forms an ideological system. Jia Yi saw the slight changes in the social development after the unification of the Han Dynasty, and put forward his own views on the social situation, which were in line with the needs of the social development at that time. Jia Yi put forward the idea of a state of peace. He believes that there is a hierarchy of rites, and the difference in rank is reflected by the outward manifestation of ritual-tolerance. The complement of propriety is the law, which is used in the "after already". Jia Yi believed that both law and propriety complement each other and are important means to maintain social stability and national unity. Jia Yi attributed the death of Qin Dynasty to the ignorance of Qin II. He believes that the cultivation of the prince is related to the rise and fall of the country's destiny, and is of great significance to the development of the country. In order to strengthen the centralization of power, Jia Yi suggested that the rulers should take the measures of "building princes but less power" to weaken their influence, and adopt the policy of "three tables" and "five baits" to weaken the threat to the Han Dynasty. In order to make them attached to the Han Dynasty. In economic terms, Jia Yi opposed private copper coins, relegated coin rights to the central government, and restrained the spread of coins. He believed that storage was the lifeblood of the state, and the ruler should attach importance to the reserve of grain. As for the thought of benefiting the people, Jia Yi's views on the people are more progressive than those of his predecessors. He believed that rulers should not only love the people, but also benefit and benefit the people. It is the best way for the people to engage in agricultural production and allow farmers to farm their land. To sum up, Jia Yi, as a visionary political thinker, realized the development and change of the society in the early Han Dynasty. Although some of his ideas did not become the administrative measures of the rulers in his time, his ideas were adopted by later rulers and translated into the promulgation and implementation of state policies. It played an important role in the stable development of the society in the Han Dynasty, and even played an important role in the history of Chinese political thought.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K234.1

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