明英宗经筵研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 04:10

本文选题：明朝 + 明英宗　；参考：《西南民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：经筵,是中国古代一种历史悠久形式复杂的制度,自宋代确立后沿袭元、明,清三代。明代的经筵制度确立于明英宗正统元年(1436年),结束于明思宗崇祯十七年(1644年)。明代经筵在经筵制度史中处于承上启下的位置,在继承了宋代与元代经筵制度的一些特征外,又适时地增添了一些新的元素,使经筵制度更加的丰富和完善。明朝第六位皇帝明英宗朱祁镇(1427年-1464年)九岁继位,急需固定的教育制度,于是正统元年(1436年)二月,经筵制度确立。经筵举行的地点定于文华殿,举行时间上虽定于一个月三次,逢二举行,但实际上并没有按时举行。参与经筵的官员很多,也在不断调整。经筵制度还有着较为繁琐的礼仪。纵观明代经筵的发展历程,明英宗时期属于调整期与磨合期,每一位参与者都在努力适应这项制度。完备的经筵礼制,尽职的知、同知经筵官,出色的经筵讲官以及每一位侍仪大臣都是这个时期经筵制度不可或缺又推动经筵在明代发展的重要因素和组成部分。经筵制度内涵丰富、影响深远。这个时期的经筵制度呈现出教育性、仪式性与特殊的君臣关系三个特征。严苛的仪式和众多的参与人员彰显了经筵大典场面的宏大,以儒家经典为教材的经筵进讲折射了明代的政治生活形态,亦师亦友的君臣关系约束了皇权的膨胀,也提升了文臣的政治地位。总的来说,明英宗时期的经筵制度不单指帝王教育制度,更是维系君臣关系的政治制度与礼制。经筵制度与皇帝关系紧密,所以它对皇帝、皇权、皇朝或多或少起到一定的平衡和制约作用。经筵制度自明英宗时期确立,旋即影响整个明朝。经筵制度下儒臣所表达的治国观点、经筵讲章中体现的政治理念、讲读过程所形成的师生关系,对整个明朝的宫廷政治结构、政治走向产生了深远的影响。明朝灭亡后,清朝也继承了经筵制度直到清朝灭亡。
[Abstract]:It was a complex system of ancient Chinese history in ancient times. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the yuan, Ming and Qing three dynasties were established in the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty's banquet system was established in the first year of the Ming Dynasty (1436) and ended in the seventeen years (1644) of the Ming Zong Chong Zhen. The Ming Dynasty Jingyan was in the link of the history of the banquet system, and inherited the Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. In addition to the characteristics of the banquet system, some new elements were added in time to enrich and improve the banquet system. The sixth emperor of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Qi Town, nine years of age in Ming Dynasty (-1464 1427), was in urgent need of a fixed educational system. So the Yuan Dynasty (1436), in February, was established by the banquet system. The hall of Yu Wenhua was set at the place of banquet. Although it was scheduled to be three times a month and it was held in two, it was not held in time. Many officials involved in the banquet were also constantly adjusted. The banquet system has more tedious etiquette. The complete banquet ceremony, the knowledge of the full duty, the same knowledge of the banquet officials, the excellent banquet officials and each of the waite ministers are the important factors and components that are indispensable to the development of the Ming Dynasty in this period. The feast of banquet is rich and far-reaching. The special relationship between the monarch and the courtiers has three characteristics. The harsh ritual and the numerous participants highlight the grand ceremony of the feast, reflecting the political life of the Ming Dynasty by the Confucian classics as the teaching material, and the relationship between the teachers and the members of the teachers and officials, which constrain the expansion of the imperial power and the political status of the Wen Chen. The period of the banquet system not only refers to the imperial education system, but also the political system and ritual system to maintain the relationship between the emperor and the emperor. The banquet system is closely related to the emperor, so it has a certain balance and restriction to the emperor, the imperial power and the imperial dynasty. The banquet system was established from the Ming Dynasty and influenced the Ming Dynasty. The political idea embodied in the banquet chapter and the relationship between teachers and students in the reading process had a profound influence on the political structure and political trend of the Ming Dynasty. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty also inherited the banquet system until the Qing Dynasty died.
【学位授予单位】：西南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248

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