刘宋宗室政治研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 16:07

【摘要】：刘宋政权的建立,使得以北府兵为基础的刘裕政治集团开始从军事至政治上渐渐走向独立。随着皇权政治的复兴,门阀士族的势力逐渐衰落。而宗室作为与王朝最高统治者具有血缘关系的特殊社会群体,便成为皇帝加强个人控制力的关键性工具。君主与宗室之间的关系是十分微妙的,他们既相互利用,又相互斗争。在皇权政治复兴背景下,刘宋宗室力量得以迅速扩张与其任官仕进制度有着直接的关系。纵观刘宋一朝,宗室成员在中央及地方所任的职务中,任武职者明显多于任文职者,尤其以担任地方都督者占多数,这与刘宋统治者任用宗王出镇的基本政策有着直接的关系。从宗室在中央任职情况来看,任荣誉清官者居多,参谋咨议官员也明显多于执行机构的官员,所任职官的官品一般都比较高。宗王出镇作为刘宋的基本政策之一,最核心的指导思想还是希望借此保障统治的稳定。只不过由于皇权的至高无上,在重用宗室出镇的同时,其实力过大所导致的尾大不掉的副作用也比较突出。宗王出镇导致由太子直接即位的皇帝权力不稳,而出镇过地方的皇帝,由于曾担任都督,往往还兼任数州刺史,同时拥有治民权与治军权,登位后自然权力稳固。为了防止地方势力膨胀,统治者大量起用寒人,在地方设置典签、行事等进行监督控制。从任期时间来看,诸王一般在某一州镇的任职时间都相对比较短,到王朝后期更是频繁更替职位,这也是皇权有效控制宗室势力发展的措施之一。门阀士族力量到了南朝虽然遭到了削弱,但是在相当长的时间内仍是皇权依靠的重要势力,他们与新起的庶族、宗室等力量不可避免地展开了权力的争夺。细绎每一次刘宋宗室内乱,都可以发现门阀士族的身影活跃其间。可以说,在宗室内乱中,高门与寒庶、高门与皇权之间的斗争是一味重要的催化剂。刘宋统治者一直在试图找寻宗室、高门、寒门等各方面势力间的平衡点,但是都未能成功,这与皇权的基础较为薄弱有着直接的关系。
[Abstract]:With the establishment of Liu Song regime, Liu Yu political group based on Beifubing began to move towards independence from military to political. With the revival of imperial power politics, the power of the patriarchal clan gradually declined. As a special social group with blood relationship with the supreme ruler of the dynasty, the imperial clan became the key tool for the emperor to strengthen his personal control. The relationship between monarchs and clans is very delicate, they both use each other and struggle against each other. In the context of the revival of imperial power, the rapid expansion of the imperial power of Liu Song had a direct relationship with his system of official advancement. Throughout the first Dynasty of Liu and Song Dynasty, the number of military officers in the central and local government was obviously more than that of civilian officers, especially those who served as local governors, which was directly related to the basic policy of the rulers of Liu and Song to appoint zongwang out of town. From the perspective of the monarchs serving in the central government, most of them are honours, and the number of staff officers is obviously more than that of the executive agencies, and the officials who hold office are generally relatively high. As one of Liu Song's basic policies, the core guiding ideology is to ensure the stability of rule. Only because of the supremacy of imperial power, in the reuse of clan out of town at the same time, its strength caused by too big side effects are also more prominent. The emperor who went out of town by the prince directly became the emperor's power was unstable, and the emperor who had gone out of town, because he had served as governor of the city, often also held the history of several states' thorns, at the same time, he had the right to govern civil rights and the army, and the natural power after he ascended the throne was stable. In order to prevent the expansion of local power, the rulers used a large number of cold people, set up local sign, act and other supervision and control. From the term of office, the kings generally held office in a certain state and town relatively short, to the late dynasty is more frequent replacement of posts, which is also one of the measures of the imperial power to effectively control the development of patriarchal power. Although the power of the patriarchal clan was weakened in the Southern Dynasty, it was still an important power relying on the imperial power for a long time. Every time Liu-Song clan civil unrest, can be found that the figure of the door-master is active in the meantime. It can be said that in the internal strife of the monarchy, the struggle between the high gate and the cold, the struggle between the high gate and the imperial power is the catalyst of blindly importance. The rulers of Liu and Song Dynasty have been trying to find the balance point among various forces, such as clan, high gate, Hanmen and so on, but they have failed, which is directly related to the weak foundation of imperial power.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D691;K239.11

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