南宋三省与临安的城市空间

发布时间：2018-07-27 13:15

【摘要】：对南宋政权来说,在临安城内嵌入各种朝廷衙署,是使这座城市从地方都会变为政治中心的必要条件之一,不过临安有限的城市规模、既有的空间格局对此制约甚大。在帝制时代历代王朝的都城中,临安的面积偏小,城外的地理条件也使临安城在空间上难以拓展。就政治形势而言,南宋长期处于外部的军事压力下,无法对临安进行大规模重建。在这种情况下,即便是作为朝廷核心机构的三省,其衙署的创设也不免遇到困难,故而在地理位置和空间分布上极具特色。由于宫城位于临安城南端,三省只好在宫城以北安置。宫城附近可利用空间有限,造成三省在临安无法整体植入,除主体部分靠近宫城外,六部架阁库、文思院、军器所、礼部贡院、别试所等下属机构不得不散置于临安的其他地块。三省与临安的日常生活空间之间存在紧张关系:附近云集的店铺和住宅,导致三省主体部分的安保条件欠佳、火情危险不断;其他下属机构也是面临复杂的周围环境,这使其日常管理、职能发挥颇受影响。另一方面,这些机构的植入,是临安的都城机能完善的重要组成部分,并在一定程度上改变了临安的空间结构、都市景观。正是都城机能与城市空间的不断调适,使临安成为帝制时代颇为独特的一个都城。
[Abstract]:For the regime of the Southern Song Dynasty, embedding various kinds of imperial government offices in Linan is one of the necessary conditions for the city to become a political center from the local capital, but the limited size of the city in Lin'an is restricted by the existing spatial pattern. The area of Linan was small and the geographical conditions outside made it difficult to expand in space. As far as the political situation is concerned, the Southern Song Dynasty was under external military pressure for a long time and could not rebuild Linan on a large scale. In this case, even as the core organs of the three provinces, the establishment of its Yazu also encountered difficulties, so the geographical location and spatial distribution is extremely unique. Because Miyagi City is located in the southern tip of Linan City, the three provinces had to be placed north of the Miyagi City. The limited space available near Miyagi resulted in the three provinces being unable to implant the whole in Linan. Except for the main body near Miyagi, there are six pavilions, the Wen and Si Yuan, the military equipment Institute, and the Ministry of Rites tribute Yuan. Do not try and other subordinate agencies have to be scattered in other land in Lin'an. Tension exists between the three provinces and the daily living space in Lin'an: the nearby shops and houses have resulted in poor security conditions and constant fire danger in the main parts of the three provinces; other subordinate organizations are also facing a complex surrounding environment. This makes its day-to-day management, the function is quite affected. On the other hand, the implantation of these institutions is an important part of the perfection of Linan's capital, and to some extent changes the spatial structure and urban landscape of Lin'an. It is the constant adjustment of capital function and urban space that makes Linan a rather unique capital in the imperial era.
【作者单位】：复旦大学文史研究院;
【基金】：浙江省哲学社会科学重点研究基地南宋史研究中心课题“南宋临安的都城机能与城市空间”(15JDNS01YB)的阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：K245

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