宋代士兵研究

发布时间：2018-08-11 18:24

【摘要】：宋代建国后，继承了中唐至五代所施行的募兵制，以各种形式招募百姓入伍。士兵入伍后，以从军为其职业，脱离了原有的社会生产活动，依靠宋政府向他们发放的生活物资生存。宋代除募兵制外，也保留了征兵制的形式，以之作为募兵制的补充。征兵制下的士兵并不脱离生产，宋政府在不同地区按一定的人口比例征召。他们定时参加军事训练，有时也要被调拨征戍，宋政府对其发放钱粮或减免税赋作为报酬。士兵的职责由战争、出戍、训练服役等几方面构成。由于军种驻扎地的不同，这些士兵的职责也各不相同，驻扎于宋朝前线的士兵多忙于军事训练、驻防、作战、从事军事性生产等职责，生活相对紧凑，且有着伤亡风险。而驻扎于宋代腹地较为和平地带的士兵部分悠闲无事，以至于懈怠训练，过着相对轻松的生活。那些以劳役为职责的士兵，在不同驻地为宋政府辛苦服役，生活极其艰苦。驻扎于皇宫中的士兵以护卫皇帝安全为己任，并为宋代各项礼仪庆典充当礼仪之用。部分征兵制下的士兵虽然平时生产，但是在战争到来和劳役急需时，也需被招为军用，从事与正规军相同的工作任务。如果某些士兵若立有各种战功，便可升迁为官,但是这类士兵的比例在士兵总数中只占极其稀少的一部分。宋人从军抱有矛盾的心理状态，一方面对于普通百姓而言，从军可以为他们提供温饱的环境，但是却使自己的生活完全置身于军营之中，，很难摆脱军籍，在劳役和战争中同样面临着死亡威胁。那些强迫从军之人多思乡恋家，疲于征战。另一方面，对于那些身怀武艺的宋人来说，从军可以给他们展示个人能力进而依军功为官的机会，而那些州县里的游手好闲之人，贪慕军队的免费衣食供给，并懈怠训练，贪图个人安逸。
[Abstract]:After the founding of the Song Dynasty, it inherited the recruitment system from the middle Tang to the five dynasties and recruited the people into the army in various forms. After enlisting in the army, the soldiers took the army as their occupation, divorced from the original social production activities, and depended on the living materials distributed to them by the Song government. In addition to the recruitment system, the Song Dynasty also retained the form of conscription as a supplement to the recruitment system. Conscription of soldiers did not leave production, Song government in different regions according to a certain proportion of the population. They regularly take part in military training and are sometimes transferred to garrison. The Song government paid them money, grain, or tax deductions. The duties of soldiers consist of war, garrison, training and service. Because of the different military service stationed in different places, these soldiers have different responsibilities. The soldiers stationed on the front lines of the Song Dynasty are busy with military training, garrison, combat, military production and so on, so their lives are relatively compact and have the risk of casualties. The soldiers stationed in the hinterland of the Song Dynasty were partly idle, so that they were slacking off to train and lead a relatively relaxed life. The soldiers, who worked hard for the Song government in different locations, lived extremely hard. Soldiers stationed in the palace guard the emperor's safety and serve as ceremonial ceremonies in the Song Dynasty. Some soldiers under the conscription system are in peacetime production, but when the war comes and the servitude is in urgent need, they must also be recruited for military purposes to perform the same tasks as the regular army. If some soldiers have all kinds of achievements, they can be promoted to rank, but the proportion of such soldiers is only a very rare part of the total number of soldiers. On the one hand, for the ordinary people, joining the army can provide them with a comfortable environment, but they make their lives completely in the military camp, it is very difficult to get rid of military citizenship. There are also threats of death in service and war. Those who force them to join the army are more homesick and tired of war. On the other hand, for those Song people who are skilled in martial arts, joining the military can give them the opportunity to show their personal abilities and become officials based on military merit, while those idle people in the state and county yearn for free food and clothing for the army, and slacken on their training. Coveted for personal comfort.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K244;E291

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