从“四夷”到“外国”:正史周边叙事的模式演变
发布时间：2018-08-13 21:20
【摘要】：本文考察了汉至元时代正史中有关周边、域外的叙事结构,认为汉唐时期逐渐形成了官修正史中周边叙事的范式("四夷模式"):在全书列传部分呈现"先诸传次夷狄"的格局下,以"四夷传"、"夷狄传"为列传类目名,按照东夷—西戎—南蛮—北狄的顺次进行叙述。这种叙事结构,实际上是思维世界中"世界秩序"在史书中的投射。需要注意的是,在"外国传"成为正史中的列传名之前,汉唐时期的僧人常常将其用作有关南亚的中外交通史籍名称,其依据可能是当时流行于南亚的"三/四天子"说等,体现出与官方意志不同的思想源流。到元代史官修宋、辽、金三史时,将前代正史中"四夷传"、"夷狄传"等有关域外记载的列传名称改以"外国传",并从内容与结构上有意识地区分出不同性质的周边,由此在正史中开始表现出另一种对世界的观察,也深刻地影响了正史周边叙事的体例。
[Abstract]:This paper examines the narrative structure of the periphery and the outside in the official history of the Han and Yuan dynasties, and thinks that the Han and Tang dynasties gradually formed the paradigm of the peripheral narration in the history of official correction ("the four Yi modes"): under the pattern of "passing on the second Yi Di" in the part of the book, According to the names of "four Yi Zhuan" and "Yi Di Biography", according to the sequence of Dongyi-Xi Rong-Nanman-North-Di. This narrative structure, in fact, is the projection of the world order in the history books. It should be noted that before "foreign biographies" became official names in history, monks in the Han and Tang dynasties often used them as the historical names of Chinese and foreign traffic related to South Asia, which may have been based on the "three / four heavenly sons" theory, which was popular in South Asia at that time. It reflects the source of thought which is different from the official will. By the time the historiographers of the Yuan Dynasty revised the history of Song, Liao and Jin dynasties, the names of "four Yi Zhuan" and "Yi Di Zhuan" in the official history of the previous dynasties were changed to "Foreign Biography", and the contents and structures were consciously divided between the different nature of the periphery. Thus, another kind of observation of the world began to be shown in the official history, which profoundly influenced the narrative style around the official history.
【作者单位】： 四川大学历史文化(旅游)学院;
【分类号】：K23
[Abstract]:This paper examines the narrative structure of the periphery and the outside in the official history of the Han and Yuan dynasties, and thinks that the Han and Tang dynasties gradually formed the paradigm of the peripheral narration in the history of official correction ("the four Yi modes"): under the pattern of "passing on the second Yi Di" in the part of the book, According to the names of "four Yi Zhuan" and "Yi Di Biography", according to the sequence of Dongyi-Xi Rong-Nanman-North-Di. This narrative structure, in fact, is the projection of the world order in the history books. It should be noted that before "foreign biographies" became official names in history, monks in the Han and Tang dynasties often used them as the historical names of Chinese and foreign traffic related to South Asia, which may have been based on the "three / four heavenly sons" theory, which was popular in South Asia at that time. It reflects the source of thought which is different from the official will. By the time the historiographers of the Yuan Dynasty revised the history of Song, Liao and Jin dynasties, the names of "four Yi Zhuan" and "Yi Di Zhuan" in the official history of the previous dynasties were changed to "Foreign Biography", and the contents and structures were consciously divided between the different nature of the periphery. Thus, another kind of observation of the world began to be shown in the official history, which profoundly influenced the narrative style around the official history.
【作者单位】： 四川大学历史文化(旅游)学院;
【分类号】：K23
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