明代妇女的妆奁

发布时间：2018-08-19 19:32

【摘要】：妆奁是中国女性的陪嫁资产,由于女性没有直接家庭财产继承权,因此妆奁就成为了她们能够独立掌握的主要财产。明代是中国古代历史上一个重要的转型期,它继承了前代的婚俗文化,同时也在此基础之上形成新的文化风气。在明代不同女性所处的社会阶层与出身不同,导致他们的妆奁来源、种类各不相同。女性自身社会角色转变,对于妆奁的所有与使用情况也是不同的,这就很大程度上影响了她们人生不同阶段的生活状态与活动氛围。女性在出嫁获得妆奁之后,对于妆奁的支配范围,涉及支持家庭日常生活、支持丈夫的事业、供养公婆、留给子孙以及资助宗族亲属,甚至涉及女性投资经商和资助慈善等社会活动。妆奁的厚薄,既能影响女性的择偶标准,也会影响明代已婚女性的家庭地位。随着明代商品经济风繁荣发展,婚姻论财观念的兴起,人们在婚礼中愈加重视妆奁,陪送的房卧等生活用品愈加丰富。明代女性对妆奁的所有权与使用权也随着历史发展有了变化,女性依托妆奁可以涉足更多的生活领域,比如说从事商业活动与慈善活动。随着明代经济、文化、风俗的发展,明代女性支配妆奁进行消费的途径与范围也愈加广泛,很大程度上扩大了明代女性的活动范围,从“内事”到“外事”,女性的生活空间逐渐扩大。到了明代中后期,随着奢靡之风兴起,厚奁风气普遍在社会弥漫开来,也引发诸多社会问题,人们重嫁好奢会引起家庭成员对奁产的争夺,尤其是促使“溺女”问题愈加严重。对此,上层统治者和民间有识之士都认识到了溺女问题的严重性,纷纷采取了相应的办法去扭转这种社会风气。虽然当时社会已经认识到,厚奁并不值得提倡,但终究没有抵制明代厚奁风气的发展,这种婚姻习俗观念一直持续到清代。
[Abstract]:Dowry is the dowry property of Chinese women. Because women do not have direct inheritance right to family property, the dowry becomes the main property that they can control independently. The Ming Dynasty was an important transition period in ancient Chinese history. It inherited the marriage custom culture of the previous generation and formed a new cultural atmosphere on the basis of it. In Ming Dynasty, different women lived in different social class and origin, which resulted in different kinds of dowry. The transformation of women's own social roles is different for the use and all of the dowry boxes, which to a great extent affects their life state and activity atmosphere at different stages of their lives. After a woman marries and receives a dowry, her scope of domination over the dowry involves supporting the daily life of the family, supporting her husband's career, supporting her parents-in-law, leaving it to her descendants and supporting her family members. It even involves women investing in business and supporting social activities such as philanthropy. The thickness of the dowry can not only affect the criteria of female mate selection, but also affect the family status of the married women in Ming Dynasty. With the prosperous development of commodity economy in Ming Dynasty and the rise of the concept of marriage and finance, people pay more attention to the dowry, accompanied by the bedroom and other daily necessities. The ownership and use right of women in the Ming Dynasty also changed with the development of history. Women can step into more fields of life, such as commercial activities and charitable activities. With the development of economy, culture and custom in Ming Dynasty, the way and scope of women's controlling dowry in Ming Dynasty were more and more extensive. To a great extent, the scope of activities of women in Ming Dynasty was enlarged, from "internal affairs" to "foreign affairs". Women's living space is gradually expanding. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, with the rise of extravagance, the trend of thick marriage dowry spread widely in the society, which also caused a lot of social problems. People's remarried luxury would cause the family members to compete for the dowry property, especially the problem of "drowning girl". In response, the upper rulers and the people with insight realized the seriousness of the problem of female drowning, and took corresponding measures to reverse the social atmosphere. Although the society had already realized that the thick dowry was not worth advocating, it did not resist the development of the rich marriage style in the Ming Dynasty, and the concept of marriage custom lasted until the Qing Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248;K892.22

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