诚与中庸：申时行的政治行为模式研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 11:09

【摘要】：本文以明代内阁首辅申时行的政治行为模式为研究对象,依托政治心理学的人格理论和社会学的角色理论,在分析和甄别史料的基础上,将申时行个人行为放置于后张居正时代的大背景下,对申时行的政治行为模式进行较为系统的整理和研究。本文从申时行的政治记录入手,着重分析了申时行政治行为选择的人格因素,进而揭示申时行政治困境及政治失败的原因。申时行的政治行为模式主要表现为以下四个方面：“务为宽大之政”、“曲中调剂,救世匡维”,“恕道待人鼓励诚信”、“事事务承帝意”。同嘉隆万权相相比,申时行的为政方针是中庸而温和的,作为继张居正之后的万历首辅,他的生活环境,从政经历,政治使命和个人追求都多重而复杂的影响着他的为政之道,首先,从小寄人篱下的经历,使他具有强烈的自我保护意识,渴望权力与荣誉,因而处处小心谨慎,不轻易得罪他人；其次,张居正的前车之鉴令他心有余悸,出于安全和利益的考虑,他不得不采用更为宽和的行为模式；再次,张居正一案之后,神宗再也无法信任朝臣,他竭力发泄自己的权力欲,事事专断,这直接导致了申时行政治上的谨小慎微；最后,受儒家传统文化影响,申时行形成了自己独特的为政理念。他恪守儒家文化所设计的诸如“诚”与“中庸”等君子人格道德规范,因而它的政治行为也体现了士大夫“兼济天下”与“独善其身”的价值追求。但是,由于申时行身兼士人和首辅的双重政治角色,中庸和温和的为政方针已不足以调和由于角色重叠而产生的角色冲突,最终导致了他政治困境,被迫离职,并受后人訾议。
[Abstract]:Based on the personality theory of political psychology and the role theory of sociology, this paper analyzes and discriminates the historical data based on the political behavior pattern of the first auxiliary time in the Ming Dynasty cabinet, which is based on the personality theory of political psychology and the role theory of sociology. Under the background of the post-Zhang Juzheng era, the author systematically collates and studies the political behavior pattern of Shen Shi Xing. This paper starts with the political record of Shenshi Bank, analyzes the personality factors of the political behavior choice of Shenshi Bank, and then reveals the political dilemma and the reasons of political failure. The modes of political behavior of Shen Shi are as follows: "Administration is lenient", "adjust in qu, save the world", "forgive and treat others to encourage honesty", "affairs to the emperor's will." Compared with Jia Longwan's power, Shen Shi's policy for government was moderate and moderate. As the first aid of Wanli after Zhang Juzheng, his living environment, political experience, political mission and personal pursuit all affected his policy path in a heavy and complex way. First, the experience of being dependent on others from a young age gave him a strong sense of self-protection, a yearning for power and honor, and he was careful and careful in not easily offending others. Secondly, Zhang Juzheng's forewarning left him in a state of dread. For the sake of security and interests, he had to adopt a more lenient pattern of conduct. Again, after the case of Zhang Juzheng, Shenzong could no longer trust his courtiers. He tried to vent his desire for power and everything was arbitrary. This directly led to the political prudence; finally, influenced by the Confucian traditional culture, Shen Shi Xing formed his own unique political concept. He adheres to the moral norms of gentleman's personality such as "sincerity" and "the mean" designed by Confucian culture, so his political behavior also embodies the value pursuit of "benefiting the world" and "being alone". However, due to the dual political role of Scholars and the first assistant, the moderate and moderate policy of governance is no longer sufficient to reconcile the role conflict caused by the overlapping of roles, resulting in his political predicament, forced to leave, and criticized by later generations.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K248

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