基于中国在日资料进行民俗研究的可能性——聚焦明清访日海商相关记录

发布时间：2018-08-27 14:48

【摘要】：民俗学是将国家,或是国家内某地区的生产生活及其相关文化实态和特质作为主题,通过田野调查等手段获取传承资料,进而推进研究的。但是也有不少以旅行和贸易为目的造访的外国人,通过他们的观察记录,留下了他们认为奇异的风俗,成为了珍贵的民俗资料。此外,本国的民俗相关文物通过贸易等合法途径,或是由偷盗、掠夺等非法途径流向国外的情况也并不少见,而这些资料的存在往往被人们忽视。清代,中日间并未建立国交关系,但从大陆造访长崎的海商带来了生丝、砂糖、鹿皮、中药等产品,很大程度上影响了日本人的日常生活。与此同时,赛龙舟、妈祖巡行等中华文化也传到了长崎,日本人和华侨也继承了这些民俗文化。另一方面,在清代唯一一个与日本进行贸易的荷兰也留下了对清代海商的贸易、生活的记录。本论首要考察的是日本人对明末至清代造访日本的中国、荷兰海商的记录,以及访日欧洲海商和天主教传教士对清代海商的生活、信仰等民俗方面的记录。在此基础上,超出以往对一国或者一地区进行研究的民俗学,而对国际关系中某地区的生活特质进行探索,探寻新的民俗学的可能性。
[Abstract]:Folklore takes the production and life of the country or a certain area of the country as the theme and the related cultural reality and characteristics as the theme, obtains the inheritance data through the means of field investigation, and then advances the research. But there are also many foreigners visiting for the purpose of travel and trade, through their observation records, left what they think strange customs, has become a valuable folklore. In addition, it is not uncommon for national folklore related cultural relics to flow to foreign countries through legal channels such as trade, theft, plunder and so on, and the existence of these materials is often ignored by people. In the Qing Dynasty, there was no relationship between China and Japan, but the sea merchants who visited Nagasaki from the mainland brought raw silk, sugar, deer skins, Chinese medicine and other products, which greatly affected the daily life of the Japanese. At the same time, Chinese culture such as dragon boat racing and Ma Zu cruising spread to Nagasaki, and Japanese and overseas Chinese inherited these folklore cultures. On the other hand, the Netherlands, the only trade with Japan in the Qing Dynasty, also left a record of the trade and life of the maritime merchants in the Qing Dynasty. This paper mainly examines the Japanese records of the Chinese and Dutch merchants who visited Japan from the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, as well as the folklore records of the European merchants and Catholic missionaries on the life and belief of the Japanese merchants in the Qing Dynasty. On this basis, beyond the folklore that studied a country or a region in the past, it explores the life characteristics of a certain region in international relations and explores the possibility of new folklore.
【作者单位】：日本国立历史民俗博物馆;日本国立历史民俗博物馆综合研究研究生院;湖北大学外国语学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“海外藏珍稀中国民俗文献与文物资料整理、研究暨数据库建设”(项目编号:16ZDA163)的阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：K248

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