明清医著对患病女性的书写

发布时间：2018-08-28 18:57

【摘要】：自《黄帝内经》以来,传统中医秉持着男女生理结构存在差异的身体观,并由此产生了对女性诊治手段的不同。这一基本观念被后世的明清医著所继承,又随着理学兴盛和对女性闺范及礼教的强化,使得医界妇科别立的观念深入人心,又进一步影响了医家对妇科致病因素的分析和对女病人的认识。其表现的结果就是医著中对患病女性的书写异于其他病人。从疾病成因看,医家强调女性的性格特质和情绪变化对疾病的进发、病情的程度轻重乃至后续治疗的推进的重要作用。从女病人被描绘的形象看,多数医案对女病人的记载,在外在特征上是简略、粗糙的,对内在情绪的分析又过于模式化,展现了性别差异带来的认知隔膜。而从被诊治对象即女病人对疾病的自我感知入手,选取有写作能力并留下作品的明清才媛的病诗与医著进行对比,则可得见两者在文字上表现出了“雅”与“俗”的对立。这种差异性又来源于目的不同,才女写诗是为抒怀,完全出于文学性的需求,医家编写医书则以治疗疾病、药到病除为旨归。这也与诗以言志、医书则是“方技之书”的观念与定位有关。本文试图从传统中医的女性身体观入手,探讨在男性掌握话语体系的背景下,明清医家对女性疾病的书写,通过分析医著中塑造出的女病人形象来探讨当时主流社会的女性观念。更进一步以明清才媛的诗作为例,将女性的自我疾病书写与医书进行对比,分析男性医家与女性作家在疾病书写上的差异。通过关注医著中体现的日常生活中的卫生习俗、保健养生、医生与病人的互动乃至个人对健康的感知,解读背后所体现的权力关系、文化意涵和社会心理,见微知著,或可一窥一个地域乃至一个时代的风貌。
[Abstract]:Since the "Huangdi Nei Jing", the traditional Chinese medicine holds the body view that there is a difference in the physiological structure of men and women, and has resulted in the difference in the methods of diagnosis and treatment of women. This basic concept was inherited by the later Ming and Qing medical works, and with the prosperity of Neo-Confucianism and the strengthening of female boudoir and ritual education, the concept of gynaecology in the medical profession was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. It further affects the doctors'analysis of gynecological factors and the understanding of female patients. The result is that the writing of sick women is different from that of other patients. From the causes of the disease, doctors emphasize the important role of female personality and emotional changes in the development of the disease, the severity of the disease and even the promotion of subsequent treatment. From the image of female patients, the records of female patients in most medical records are simple and rough in external features, and the analysis of internal emotions is too stylized, which shows the cognitive gap brought about by gender differences. Starting from the self-perception of disease among the female patients, and comparing the diseased poems of Ming and Qing dynasties with the medical works, we can see that there is a contradiction between "elegance" and "vulgarity" in the writing. This kind of difference comes from the different purpose again, the talented woman writes the poem to express, out of the literature demand completely, the doctor compiles the medical book to treat the disease, the medicine gets rid of the disease as the goal. This is also related to the concept and orientation of poetry and medical books. This paper attempts to discuss the writing of female diseases by doctors in Ming and Qing dynasties under the background of male mastering the discourse system from the view of female body of traditional Chinese medicine. By analyzing the images of female patients in the medical works, this paper discusses the female concept of the mainstream society at that time. Taking the poems of the Ming and Qing dynasties as an example, the author compares the self-disease writing of women with the medical books, and analyzes the differences between male physicians and female writers in the writing of diseases. By paying attention to the hygiene practices in daily life embodied in medical books, health care, the interaction between doctors and patients, and even the personal perception of health, we can understand the power relations, cultural implications and social psychology behind them. Or a glimpse of a region and even the style of an era.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248

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