春秋晋国知氏研究
发布时间：2018-09-12 08:38
【摘要】：春秋时期社会政治格局变迁的总趋势是公室政权由盛而衰,而私室由于自身实力的提高则逐渐秉持列国国政。从某种意义上而言,春秋卿族的盛衰已成为周代宗法封建政治体制变迁的历史缩影。其中,晋国知氏卿族的兴亡即为三百余年春秋社会政治变迁的典型个案。晋国自曲沃代翼始,经多次翦灭公族,终使非公室贵族成为晋国政治舞台的主角。随着君权的衰落,非公室卿族势力终成权势赫然的强卿巨室,最后出现了三家分晋,致使晋国灭亡。知氏作为非公室卿族在此历史进程中异军突起,在春秋中晚期晋国卿族政治中从小到大、由弱而强,到知瑶之时已权倾晋国,俨然为一诸侯。然而由于种种机缘,在知氏势力发展至巅峰之时,却遭致灭族亡家之命运。由此可见,知氏卿族的兴衰这一个案实蕴含着极为丰富的社会政治寓意,在战国以降史鉴意识勃兴的背景下,历代史家及史著甚至将其作为上古与中古政治体制转型及历史进程的重要标识。如先秦典籍《左传》、《国语·晋语》皆以知氏灭亡作为相关撰述的结篇,秦汉以降如《资治通鉴》等文献亦多以其作为开篇,以作后人鉴戒。由此可见,对相关问题的探讨显具重要的学术价值。 本文正是基于以上视角,对知氏兴衰及其体现的相应历史时期的社会政治意涵进行论述。全文除了引言和结语外,共分为四章。第一章,主要通过对知氏起源及世系问题的探讨,试图还原知氏卿族的世系传承。第二章,按照知氏世系顺序概括了知氏不同世代家主的主要事迹。第三章,通过对知氏封邑及领地的考述,来窥视春秋知氏的强盛。第四章,通过对知氏不同世代家主所秉持治家原则的动态分析,探讨知氏何以兴盛而终究灭亡的深层原因,以此展现知氏前几代家主小则保族、大则强族的立族之道和末代家主知瑶亡家灭族之因。 综上,通过对知氏卿族的梳理和考察,我们认为,作为晋国卿族重要组成部分的知氏,其政治力量的崛起反映了晋国私室贵族取代公族政治的历史进程,随着知氏治家原则的不断变化,其卿族实力经历了由小而大、从弱到强的过程。但是由于知瑶个人原因,知氏七世卿族反而一朝被灭,进而失去了与赵、魏、韩三家分晋的历史命运。要之,对春秋时期晋国卿族知氏的研究,不惟有助于春秋卿族知氏家族自身兴衰荣辱的历史复原,亦对以相关个案折射中国上古社会政治的变迁具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:During the Spring and Autumn period, the general trend of the change of social and political pattern was the prosperity and decline of the public power, while the private room gradually adhered to the state affairs of the countries because of the improvement of its own strength. In a sense, the rise and fall of the Qing nationality in the Spring and Autumn period has become the historical epitome of the change of feudal political system of patriarchal clan in Zhou Dynasty. Among them, the rise and fall of Zhi Qing nationality in Jin is a typical case of social and political change in Spring and Autumn period for more than 300 years. Jin since Quwo on behalf of the wing, after many times to destroy the public, eventually making non-public room aristocrats to become the main role in the political arena of the State of Jin. With the decline of the monarchy, the non-public power of the Qing clan eventually became powerful and powerful, and finally appeared three families divided into Jin Dynasty, resulting in the extinction of Jin. Zhi, as a non-public member of the Qing nationality, rose suddenly in this historical process. In the middle and late Spring and Autumn period, the Qing nationality of Jin was from small to large, from weak to strong, and to the time of Zhiyao, he had already been in power in the State of Jin and was like a vassal. However, due to various opportunities, at the peak of the development of the power, but the fate of the annihilation of the family. Thus, it can be seen that the rise and fall of the Zhi-Shiqing clan contains a very rich social and political moral. In the background of the warring States period, the rise and fall of the sense of historical learning, Historians and historical works even regard it as an important symbol of the political system transformation and historical process in ancient and middle ancient times. For example, Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu Jin language are related to the death of Zhi Shi as the conclusion, Qin and Han dynasties with such documents as "Zizhitong Jian" and other documents as the opening, in order to learn from the future generations. Thus, the discussion of related issues is of great academic value. Based on the above perspective, this paper discusses the rise and fall of Chih and its social and political implications in the corresponding historical period. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, the author tries to restore the lineage of the Zhi family by probing into the origin and lineage of the family. In the second chapter, the main deeds of the different generations of Chih are summarized according to the order of Chih's lineage. The third chapter, through the study of the Zhishi Fengyi and the territory, to peep into the Spring and Autumn Chih's power. In the fourth chapter, through the dynamic analysis of the principle of governing the family held by the different generations of Chih's family owners, the deep reasons why Zhishi flourished and eventually perished were discussed, so as to show that the early generations of Chih's family owners were small and protected. Dazeqiang's way of setting up the clan and the last master of the family know the cause of the death of the family. In summary, by combing and investigating the Zhi family, we think that as an important part of the Qing nationality of Jin, the rise of its political power reflects the historical process of replacing the public politics with the aristocracy in the private room of Jin. With the constant change of the principle of Zhi's rule, the Qing nationality's strength has experienced the process from small to big, from weak to strong. However, due to the personal reasons of Zhiyao, the Qing nationality of the seventh dynasty was destroyed, and then lost the historical fate of the three Jin families: Zhao, Wei and Han. To sum up, the study of the Qing nationality of Jin nationality in the Spring and Autumn period is not only helpful to the historical recovery of the rise and fall of the family, but also to the reflection of the changes of ancient Chinese society and politics with the relevant cases.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K225
本文编号：2238484
[Abstract]:During the Spring and Autumn period, the general trend of the change of social and political pattern was the prosperity and decline of the public power, while the private room gradually adhered to the state affairs of the countries because of the improvement of its own strength. In a sense, the rise and fall of the Qing nationality in the Spring and Autumn period has become the historical epitome of the change of feudal political system of patriarchal clan in Zhou Dynasty. Among them, the rise and fall of Zhi Qing nationality in Jin is a typical case of social and political change in Spring and Autumn period for more than 300 years. Jin since Quwo on behalf of the wing, after many times to destroy the public, eventually making non-public room aristocrats to become the main role in the political arena of the State of Jin. With the decline of the monarchy, the non-public power of the Qing clan eventually became powerful and powerful, and finally appeared three families divided into Jin Dynasty, resulting in the extinction of Jin. Zhi, as a non-public member of the Qing nationality, rose suddenly in this historical process. In the middle and late Spring and Autumn period, the Qing nationality of Jin was from small to large, from weak to strong, and to the time of Zhiyao, he had already been in power in the State of Jin and was like a vassal. However, due to various opportunities, at the peak of the development of the power, but the fate of the annihilation of the family. Thus, it can be seen that the rise and fall of the Zhi-Shiqing clan contains a very rich social and political moral. In the background of the warring States period, the rise and fall of the sense of historical learning, Historians and historical works even regard it as an important symbol of the political system transformation and historical process in ancient and middle ancient times. For example, Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu Jin language are related to the death of Zhi Shi as the conclusion, Qin and Han dynasties with such documents as "Zizhitong Jian" and other documents as the opening, in order to learn from the future generations. Thus, the discussion of related issues is of great academic value. Based on the above perspective, this paper discusses the rise and fall of Chih and its social and political implications in the corresponding historical period. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, the author tries to restore the lineage of the Zhi family by probing into the origin and lineage of the family. In the second chapter, the main deeds of the different generations of Chih are summarized according to the order of Chih's lineage. The third chapter, through the study of the Zhishi Fengyi and the territory, to peep into the Spring and Autumn Chih's power. In the fourth chapter, through the dynamic analysis of the principle of governing the family held by the different generations of Chih's family owners, the deep reasons why Zhishi flourished and eventually perished were discussed, so as to show that the early generations of Chih's family owners were small and protected. Dazeqiang's way of setting up the clan and the last master of the family know the cause of the death of the family. In summary, by combing and investigating the Zhi family, we think that as an important part of the Qing nationality of Jin, the rise of its political power reflects the historical process of replacing the public politics with the aristocracy in the private room of Jin. With the constant change of the principle of Zhi's rule, the Qing nationality's strength has experienced the process from small to big, from weak to strong. However, due to the personal reasons of Zhiyao, the Qing nationality of the seventh dynasty was destroyed, and then lost the historical fate of the three Jin families: Zhao, Wei and Han. To sum up, the study of the Qing nationality of Jin nationality in the Spring and Autumn period is not only helpful to the historical recovery of the rise and fall of the family, but also to the reflection of the changes of ancient Chinese society and politics with the relevant cases.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K225
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 刘玉斌;春秋晋国荀氏试探[D];苏州大学;2012年
2 武幸龙;晋国的宗族与政治[D];山西师范大学;2013年
3 白艳芳;春秋晋国愪氏研究[D];山西师范大学;2013年
，本文编号：2238484
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