宋辽叛臣问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 08:48

【摘要】：契丹自938年从石敬瑭手中割取幽云十六州后,南下侵扰更加频繁。宋朝建立后,两国围绕幽云地区的冲突不断。“澶渊之盟”后,双方休战百余年,北宋后期,宋徽宗行“联金灭辽”之策,宋辽战事又起,持续数年。宋辽战事互有成败,受战局影响,必然会出现投降群体,其中官僚群体即叛臣群体值得关注。影响宋辽官员叛降的主要原因是双方的和战关系。两次幽州之战及澶渊之盟前的宋辽大规模战事是宋辽叛臣出现的高峰期,由于宋辽两国政治、文化背景差异,双方的叛臣政策各有特点。北宋对待来降官员的政策自前期到后期发生了变化,前期主要表现为优待而不重用,对叛臣怀有猜忌、顾虑之心,后期由于徽宗用人不当及朝廷无人可用等因素的影响,对待来降官员肆意恩宠,滥用恩赏。辽统治者出于对中原先进文化的推崇,对待北宋来降官员一律采取有能者即重用的政策。宋代“忠臣不事贰主”的忠君观以及视夷狄如“犬马”的民族观的变化,对北宋士大夫以及后人认识叛臣群体产生了重大影响。狭隘的忠君观和民族观使得当时对叛臣的相关记录和评价具有一定的片面性,往往因其叛降行为而否定叛臣一生中所有值得肯定的部分。时至今日,结合具体史实对叛臣群体进行重新思考,对其评价将会更加理性、客观。
[Abstract]:Qidan since 938 from Shi Jingtang cut from the hands of Youyun 16 states, south intrusion more frequent. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the conflict between the two countries around the Youyun area continued. After "the alliance of Chanyuan", the two sides had a truce for more than a hundred years. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, the Song Huizong carried out the strategy of "unite gold and destroy the Liao", and the war in Song and Liao began again and lasted for several years. The war of Song and Liao had success or failure, and under the influence of war situation, there would inevitably appear surrender group, among which the bureaucratic group was deserving of attention. The main reason that affects Song and Liao officials' rebellion is the relationship between the two sides. The two wars of Huizhou and the large-scale war of Song and Liao before the alliance of Chanyuan were the peak period of the renegade of the Song and Liao dynasties. Due to the differences of political and cultural backgrounds between the two countries, the policy of betrayal between the two countries had their own characteristics. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the policy of reducing officials changed from the early period to the later period. In the early period, the policy was mainly shown as preferential treatment rather than reuse, suspicion and concern for the rebellious officials, and the influence of improper employment of Huizong and the unavailability of the imperial court in the latter period. To treat officials to wanton favor, abuse of bounty. The Liao rulers adopted the policy of reusing those who have the ability to lower the officials in the Northern Song Dynasty out of the esteem of the advanced culture of the Central Plains. The changes of the concept of loyalty to the monarch and the national view of "dog and horse" in Song Dynasty had a great influence on the understanding of the apostate group by the literati of the Northern Song Dynasty as well as the later generations. The narrow view of loyalty to the monarch and the view of nationality made the relative record and evaluation of the defector at that time one-sidedness and often negated all the positive parts of his life because of his rebellious behavior. To this day, it will be more rational and objective to rethink the rebellious groups in combination with specific historical facts.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K244

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