魏燕关系及其对北魏初期政治的影响
发布时间：2018-10-10 14:07
【摘要】：在中国古代历史上,第一个大举进入并长期统治中国北方的少数民族政权是鲜卑拓拔部族建立的北魏。拓跋鲜卑从东北地区迁到北方草原,再进入了黄河流域,在不太长的历史时期内先后经历了几种不同类型的区域,并最终立足于北方,体现了其政权极大地生命力。而慕容氏也已从辽西向南迁移,打着“尊晋勤王”的旗号进入中原,并建立前燕。双方力量最终在代北地区交汇、碰撞。因而,北魏与后燕的关系,对北魏初期政治影响巨大。 本篇文章通过对各种史料的广泛研究,充分利用各种方法对魏燕关系的发展及其对北魏初期政治的影响进行分析论证。论文内容除去前言和结语,可以分为四章。第一章主要论述早期的鲜卑拓拔部族与鲜卑慕容部的起源及迁徙,并涉及拓拔鲜卑与慕容鲜卑早期的交往,这也体现出魏燕关系的渊源所在。第二章从参合陂之战前的魏燕关系入手,着重探讨淝水之战后,魏燕双方结好的历史原因、现实需要及其对北魏初期政权的影响。第三章主要论述魏燕关系的破裂及其影响。随着北魏政权的不断壮大,其与后燕的冲突也越来越明显,双方关系破裂,最终发生了参合陂之战。第四章主要论述参合陂战后,北魏经略中原,利用后燕遗留的大批汉族士人,积极建设北魏政权,并最终成功统一北方。 最后,通过对各个章节的综合,得出结论：鲜卑拓拔建立的北魏政权,不仅经过了民族冲突到共处的历程,而且通过革新制度将民族共处推动到民族大融合的阶段。其中,鲜卑拓跋的魏与鲜卑慕容的燕关系因局势的变化,而错综复杂,进而对北魏初期政治产生深远巨大的影响。北魏的建立得益于后燕的支持,而当北魏势力强大威胁后燕时,双方关系恶化,并诉诸战争。北魏攻灭后燕后,不仅使北魏得以开疆拓土,更重要的是得到了汉化程度较高的大批士人,这些人进入北魏后加速了北魏政权的封建化过程。另外,自古以来,在长城内外,中原政权与游牧民族既对立,又互动,关系密切,且难以分割,而魏燕之间关系的演变发展,也充分的证明了这一点。
[Abstract]:In the ancient history of China, the first minority regime to enter and rule the north of China for a long time was the Northern Wei Dynasty established by the Xianbei Tuoba tribe. Tuoba Xianbei moved from the northeast to the northern grasslands and then entered the Yellow River basin. In the short historical period, he experienced several different types of regions successively, and finally established himself in the north, reflecting the great vitality of his regime. And Murong has also moved from western Liaoning to the south, under the banner of "honor Jin Qin Wang" into the Central Plains, and the establishment of the former Yan. The forces of both sides eventually converged and collided in the northern region. Therefore, the relationship between the Northern Wei Dynasty and Houyan had a great influence on the politics in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Through the extensive study of various historical materials, this article makes full use of various methods to analyze and demonstrate the development of Wei Yan's relationship and its influence on the early politics of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Apart from the preface and the conclusion, the content of the paper can be divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the origin and migration of the early Xianbei Tuoba and Xianbei Murong, and involves the early communication between Xianbei and Murong Xianbei, which also reflects the origin of Wei Yan relationship. The second chapter begins with the relationship between Wei Yan and Wei Yan before the War of Shenhe Pei, focusing on the historical reasons, realistic needs and its influence on the early regime of the Northern Wei Dynasty after the war of Feishui. The third chapter mainly discusses the rupture of Wei Yan relationship and its influence. With the growing of the regime of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the conflict with Houyan became more and more obvious, and the relationship between the two sides broke down. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the Shanhe Pei postwar, the Northern Wei Dynasty Jing slightly Central Plains, utilizes a large number of Han nationality scholars left behind after Yan, positively constructs the Northern Wei Dynasty regime, and finally unifies the north successfully. Finally, through the synthesis of each chapter, the conclusion is drawn: the regime of Northern Wei Dynasty established by Xianbei Tuobu not only went through the process of ethnic conflict to coexistence, but also promoted the national coexistence to the stage of great national integration through the reform of the system. Among them, the relationship between Xianbei Tuoba Wei and Xianbei Murong Yan was complicated by the change of the situation, which had a profound and huge influence on the politics of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the early period. The establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty benefited from the support of the later Yan, and when the Northern Wei Dynasty threatened the Yan, the relations between the two sides deteriorated and resorted to war. After the Northern Wei Dynasty destroyed Yan, not only the Northern Wei Dynasty was able to open up the frontier, but more importantly, a large number of scholars with a high degree of Sinicization were obtained, who accelerated the feudal process of the Northern Wei regime after entering the Northern Wei Dynasty. In addition, since ancient times, inside and outside the Great Wall, the Central Plains regime and nomadic people are not only opposite, but also interactive, close, and difficult to separate, and the evolution of the relationship between Wei Yan, also fully proved this point.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K239.21
[Abstract]:In the ancient history of China, the first minority regime to enter and rule the north of China for a long time was the Northern Wei Dynasty established by the Xianbei Tuoba tribe. Tuoba Xianbei moved from the northeast to the northern grasslands and then entered the Yellow River basin. In the short historical period, he experienced several different types of regions successively, and finally established himself in the north, reflecting the great vitality of his regime. And Murong has also moved from western Liaoning to the south, under the banner of "honor Jin Qin Wang" into the Central Plains, and the establishment of the former Yan. The forces of both sides eventually converged and collided in the northern region. Therefore, the relationship between the Northern Wei Dynasty and Houyan had a great influence on the politics in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Through the extensive study of various historical materials, this article makes full use of various methods to analyze and demonstrate the development of Wei Yan's relationship and its influence on the early politics of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Apart from the preface and the conclusion, the content of the paper can be divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the origin and migration of the early Xianbei Tuoba and Xianbei Murong, and involves the early communication between Xianbei and Murong Xianbei, which also reflects the origin of Wei Yan relationship. The second chapter begins with the relationship between Wei Yan and Wei Yan before the War of Shenhe Pei, focusing on the historical reasons, realistic needs and its influence on the early regime of the Northern Wei Dynasty after the war of Feishui. The third chapter mainly discusses the rupture of Wei Yan relationship and its influence. With the growing of the regime of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the conflict with Houyan became more and more obvious, and the relationship between the two sides broke down. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the Shanhe Pei postwar, the Northern Wei Dynasty Jing slightly Central Plains, utilizes a large number of Han nationality scholars left behind after Yan, positively constructs the Northern Wei Dynasty regime, and finally unifies the north successfully. Finally, through the synthesis of each chapter, the conclusion is drawn: the regime of Northern Wei Dynasty established by Xianbei Tuobu not only went through the process of ethnic conflict to coexistence, but also promoted the national coexistence to the stage of great national integration through the reform of the system. Among them, the relationship between Xianbei Tuoba Wei and Xianbei Murong Yan was complicated by the change of the situation, which had a profound and huge influence on the politics of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the early period. The establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty benefited from the support of the later Yan, and when the Northern Wei Dynasty threatened the Yan, the relations between the two sides deteriorated and resorted to war. After the Northern Wei Dynasty destroyed Yan, not only the Northern Wei Dynasty was able to open up the frontier, but more importantly, a large number of scholars with a high degree of Sinicization were obtained, who accelerated the feudal process of the Northern Wei regime after entering the Northern Wei Dynasty. In addition, since ancient times, inside and outside the Great Wall, the Central Plains regime and nomadic people are not only opposite, but also interactive, close, and difficult to separate, and the evolution of the relationship between Wei Yan, also fully proved this point.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K239.21
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