“崇文”抑或“尚武”——秦汉选官思想探析

发布时间：2018-10-21 14:35

【摘要】：秦汉时代的选官思想总体而言是一个由"尚武"向"崇文"方面转变的过程,主要表现在选官制度中由秦代的"军功爵"向汉代的"察举"和"征辟"转变。随着察举制和征辟制的日渐常态化和制度化,"崇文"思想日益取代"尚武"思想成为汉代选官的主流思想。直至东汉末年,由于政治腐败,"察举"和"征辟"均为世家大族垄断,士族门阀政治出现,汉代"崇文"的选官思想名存实亡,遂演变成为一种既非"崇文",也非"尚武",却只重门第的"非文非武"的选官思想。然而,无论是"崇文"抑或"尚武",秦汉两代选官思想的发展演变与秦汉皇权的强弱及秦汉社会环境的变化均关系密切。因此,弄清秦汉选官思想的演变及其历史原因和规律为我们更好地认识和了解秦汉政治和社会均有很大裨益。
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, the thought of selecting officials in Qin and Han dynasties was a process of transformation from "Shang Wu" to "Chongwen", mainly manifested in the transformation from "military merit" in Qin Dynasty to "examination" and "recruitment" in Han Dynasty. With the gradual regularization and institutionalization of the inspection system and the conscription system, the thought of "Chongwen" gradually replaced the thought of "Shang Wu" and became the mainstream thought of selecting officials in the Han Dynasty. Until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to political corruption, both "inspection" and "recruitment" were monopolized by the patriarchal clan, the political emergence of the patriarchs, and the death of the ideology of selecting officials in "Chongwen" in the Han Dynasty. Therefore, it developed into a kind of official selection thought, which is neither "worshipping" nor "martial", but emphasizing only "non-culture, not military". However, the evolution of the thought of selecting officials in Qin and Han dynasties is closely related to the power of imperial power and the changes of social environment in Qin and Han dynasties. Therefore, it is of great benefit for us to better understand and understand the politics and society of Qin and Han dynasties by making clear the evolution of the thought of selecting officials in Qin and Han dynasties and its historical reasons and laws.
【作者单位】：辽宁社会科学院文化学研究所;
【分类号】：K232

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