百年历史变迁的见证者—张苍研究
发布时间：2018-11-23 13:40
【摘要】：张苍的一生,经历了周、秦、汉三代。受史料所限,后世对张苍的研究不多。而如果将他放在战国末到西汉初期百余年的历史变迁大背景下进行考察和研究,则张苍的经历在某种程度上折射了整个周秦至汉代的政治生态。本文围绕着张苍生活的百余年间展开,通过对张苍仕宦经历的梳理,展现战国秦汉时期的制度沿革;通过对张苍在经学、律历等方面成就的分析,彰显其在战国秦汉百年间文化传承中的杰出贡献。张苍历任柱下史、王国丞相、主计、御史大夫以及丞相,仕宦生涯长达半个世纪,他的这些经历可以让我们一窥这一时间的官僚制度及政治生态。汉初百废待兴,政治上依靠功臣和犬牙交错的诸侯巩固统治,而在爵禄、封地及名誉上的福利,也极大地巩固了统治集团内部的团结。汉兴二十余年,到文帝时期,用人制度上由从汉初的从简、随宜逐步向平稳规制过渡,张苍任相反映出汉初少文多质的政治生态依然延续。张苍作为一个跨时代的学者,以其自身的文化造诣抚平了周秦至汉代的文化创伤。在文化传承方面,其在周汉之间的《左传》传承方面起到了承上启下的作用;汉初,他对律历及章程的确定和修撰,促进了汉初经济的快速恢复和发展;虽然张苍最后因“五德终始说”所引发的政治斗争失去了官职,但是这并不能够动摇他在汉初文化领域的重要地位。周秦以至汉代,官制多有嬗变,层累造成的官制变化扑朔迷离,从御史的变迁可以看出这一端倪。后代对张苍墓的多处记载,是后世意识形态的一种体现,体现出对张苍这种形象的认可。总而言之,将张苍一生放在周秦至汉初大变化的背景之下进行考察,则这一时期的政治变化、文化传承都可从张氏一生的政治轨迹中得到展现。
[Abstract]:Zhang Cang's life, experienced Zhou, Qin, Han three generations. Limited by historical data, later generations of Zhang Cang research is not much. If he is placed in the background of more than 100 years of historical changes from the late warring States period to the early Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Cang's experience reflects to some extent the political ecology of the whole Zhou and Qin dynasties to the Han Dynasty. This article revolves around Zhang Cang's life more than 100 years unfolds, through combs to Zhang Cangshi official experience, unfolds the warring States Qin and Han dynasties period system evolution; Through the analysis of Zhang Cang's achievements in Confucian classics and law calendar, his outstanding contribution in the cultural inheritance of Qin and Han dynasties during the warring States period was demonstrated. Zhang Cang's career as official lasted for half a century. His experience can give us a glimpse of the bureaucracy and political ecology of this time. In the early Han Dynasty, the government depended on meritorious service and staggered princes to consolidate the rule, and the welfare of Jue Lu, feudal land and reputation greatly consolidated the unity within the ruling group. Han Xing for more than 20 years, to the period of Emperor Wen, the personnel system from the beginning of the Han Dynasty from simple, along with the gradual transition to smooth regulation, Zhang Cang Ren reflects the early Han Dynasty, less literature and more quality of the political ecology is still continuing. As a cross-epoch scholar, Zhang Cang smoothed the cultural trauma from Zhou Qin to Han Dynasty with his own cultural attainments. In the aspect of cultural inheritance, Zuo Zhuan played an important role in the inheritance of Zuo Zhuan between the Zhou and Han dynasties, which promoted the rapid recovery and development of the economy in the early Han Dynasty. Although Zhang Cang finally lost his official position because of the political struggle caused by the theory of "the end of the five virtues", it could not shake his important position in the field of culture in the early Han Dynasty. In Zhou and Qin and even Han Dynasty, the official system changed, and the official system change caused by the accumulation of layers was confusing, which can be seen from the vicissitude of the imperial history. Many records of Zhang Cang's tomb are an embodiment of the ideology of later generations, reflecting the recognition of Zhang Cang's image. In a word, if Zhang Cang's life is examined under the background of the great changes from Zhou Qin to the early Han Dynasty, the political changes and cultural heritage of this period can be displayed in the political track of Zhang's life.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K23
[Abstract]:Zhang Cang's life, experienced Zhou, Qin, Han three generations. Limited by historical data, later generations of Zhang Cang research is not much. If he is placed in the background of more than 100 years of historical changes from the late warring States period to the early Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Cang's experience reflects to some extent the political ecology of the whole Zhou and Qin dynasties to the Han Dynasty. This article revolves around Zhang Cang's life more than 100 years unfolds, through combs to Zhang Cangshi official experience, unfolds the warring States Qin and Han dynasties period system evolution; Through the analysis of Zhang Cang's achievements in Confucian classics and law calendar, his outstanding contribution in the cultural inheritance of Qin and Han dynasties during the warring States period was demonstrated. Zhang Cang's career as official lasted for half a century. His experience can give us a glimpse of the bureaucracy and political ecology of this time. In the early Han Dynasty, the government depended on meritorious service and staggered princes to consolidate the rule, and the welfare of Jue Lu, feudal land and reputation greatly consolidated the unity within the ruling group. Han Xing for more than 20 years, to the period of Emperor Wen, the personnel system from the beginning of the Han Dynasty from simple, along with the gradual transition to smooth regulation, Zhang Cang Ren reflects the early Han Dynasty, less literature and more quality of the political ecology is still continuing. As a cross-epoch scholar, Zhang Cang smoothed the cultural trauma from Zhou Qin to Han Dynasty with his own cultural attainments. In the aspect of cultural inheritance, Zuo Zhuan played an important role in the inheritance of Zuo Zhuan between the Zhou and Han dynasties, which promoted the rapid recovery and development of the economy in the early Han Dynasty. Although Zhang Cang finally lost his official position because of the political struggle caused by the theory of "the end of the five virtues", it could not shake his important position in the field of culture in the early Han Dynasty. In Zhou and Qin and even Han Dynasty, the official system changed, and the official system change caused by the accumulation of layers was confusing, which can be seen from the vicissitude of the imperial history. Many records of Zhang Cang's tomb are an embodiment of the ideology of later generations, reflecting the recognition of Zhang Cang's image. In a word, if Zhang Cang's life is examined under the background of the great changes from Zhou Qin to the early Han Dynasty, the political changes and cultural heritage of this period can be displayed in the political track of Zhang's life.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K23
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