唐代的耕牛与牛耕
发布时间：2019-02-18 12:44
【摘要】： 唐代农业生产飞速发展,创造出丰富的物质财富,孕育出了发达的唐代文明。农业生产的发展,与耕牛在农业生产中的广泛使用有密切关系。但是,前人很少研究唐代的耕牛和牛耕技术,这在一定程度上影响了人们对唐代农业的认识。因此,有必要把“牛”和“耕”结合起来,进一步探讨耕牛和牛耕在唐代农业生产中的地位和作用,这样有助于揭示唐代社会鼎盛局面出现的原因。本文分为四个部分,具体研究唐代耕牛与牛耕的几个问题。 第一部分,从唐人对耕牛的认识和唐王朝对耕牛的政策两方面讨论了耕牛在唐人心目中的地位。唐人认为牛是耕稼之本,关乎国家盛衰存亡,是农民生活必不可少的伙伴。因此,统治者制定了一系列关于耕牛的政策,鼓励官府牧场和民间百姓养牛,在管理官私牛畜方面也有一套科学合理的措施,制定了一套严厉的保护牛畜的法令,并很重视兽医的培养。 第二部分,研究了唐代的养牛业,具体讨论了唐代耕牛的种类和分布、耕牛的饲养规模和养牛技术等问题。唐代养牛业有了大发展,三大优良牛种黄牛、水牛、牦牛的饲养数量都有增长。官府养牛业和民间养牛业都具备较大的规模。养牛技术比前代也有了提高,官府牧场的大规模牧放、民间圈养、选种优育和牛病防治方面都有了一定的进步。 第三部分,研究了唐代的牛耕技术,具体讨论了唐代的牛力农具、牛耕方式和耕作水平。唐代养牛业的发展,曲辕犁的大面积推广,促使一牛一人的牛耕方式进一步普及,唐代的耕作水平较前代有了进步,精耕细作的农业生产模式更进一步。 第四部分,从土地开发与粮食生产两方面论述了牛耕与唐代农业的关系,揭示了牛耕在唐代农业中的地位。一牛一人的耕作方式的推广和曲辕犁的使用,使唐代土地开发的速度加快,粮食生产发展,封建农业生产达到了前所未有的高度。 通过研究,认为耕牛在人们心目中具有重要地位,统治者制定了一系列政策,推动了养牛业的发展。耕牛在农业生产中广泛使用,一牛一人的耕作方式的进一步普及,先进生产工具曲辕犁的大面积推广,使唐代农业生产高度发达,物质财富极大丰富,社会经济繁荣,为盛唐文明的到来奠定了坚实的基础。从某种意义上讲,大唐是被耕牛拉进了盛世的门槛。 本文通过对有关文献资料和考古资料的搜集与分析,以及对前人研究成果的学习与吸收,从横向和纵向两个方面总结提炼唐代的耕牛和牛耕技术的特征,在一定程度上填补了前人研究的空白,揭示了耕牛在唐代农业生产中的作用,阐明了耕牛和大唐盛世的关系。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of agricultural production in the Tang Dynasty created rich material wealth and gave birth to the developed civilization of the Tang Dynasty. The development of agricultural production is closely related to the extensive use of cattle in agricultural production. However, the previous research on cattle and cattle farming techniques in Tang Dynasty, to a certain extent, affected people's understanding of agriculture in Tang Dynasty. Therefore, it is necessary to combine "cattle" and "farming" to further explore the status and role of cattle and cattle cultivation in agricultural production in the Tang Dynasty, so as to help reveal the reasons for the emergence of the prosperous situation in the Tang Dynasty. This article is divided into four parts, the specific study of the Tang Dynasty cattle and cattle tilling several problems. The first part discusses the position of the cattle in the eyes of the Tang people from two aspects: the understanding of the cattle in the Tang Dynasty and the policy of the Tang Dynasty. Tang people believe that cattle is the root of farming, related to the rise and fall of the country, is an indispensable partner in farmers' life. Therefore, the rulers formulated a series of policies on the cultivation of cattle, encouraged the official pastures and folk people to raise cattle, also had a set of scientific and reasonable measures in the management of official cattle and livestock, and formulated a set of strict regulations for the protection of cattle and livestock. And attached great importance to the training of veterinarians. In the second part, the paper studies the cattle farming in Tang Dynasty, and discusses the species and distribution of the cattle, the raising scale and the techniques of raising cattle in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the cattle farming industry developed greatly, and the number of three fine cattle breeds, buffalo and yak increased. Government cattle industry and folk cattle industry have a large scale. The technology of cattle raising has been improved compared with the previous generation, and there has been some progress in the field of large-scale grazing, folk captivity, breeding selection and cattle disease control. In the third part, the paper studies the techniques of cattle cultivation in Tang Dynasty, and discusses Niu Li's farming tools, ways and level of cultivation. The development of cattle farming in Tang Dynasty and the spread of Quyuan plough in large area promoted the further popularization of one cow and one man, and the cultivation level of Tang Dynasty was improved compared with the previous generation, and the agricultural production mode of intensive plowing was further improved. The fourth part discusses the relationship between cattle farming and agriculture in Tang Dynasty from the two aspects of land development and grain production, and reveals the position of cattle tillage in agriculture in Tang Dynasty. The popularization of the farming method of one cow and one person and the use of the quyuan plough made the land development speed up in the Tang Dynasty, grain production developed, and feudal agricultural production reached an unprecedented height. Through the research, it is believed that the cattle has an important position in people's mind, and the ruler has formulated a series of policies to promote the development of cattle farming. The widespread use of cattle in agricultural production, the further popularization of the farming methods of one cow and one person, and the extensive spread of the advanced production tools, the curved plough, made the agricultural production of the Tang Dynasty highly developed, the material wealth was extremely rich, and the social economy was prosperous. It laid a solid foundation for the coming of the prosperous Tang Dynasty civilization. In a sense, the Tang Dynasty was pulled into the golden age by the threshold of cattle. Based on the collection and analysis of relevant documents and archaeological materials, and the study and absorption of the previous research achievements, this paper summarizes and refines the characteristics of cattle and cattle cultivation techniques in Tang Dynasty from the horizontal and vertical aspects. To some extent, it fills up the blank of previous studies, reveals the role of tilling cattle in the agricultural production of Tang Dynasty, and clarifies the relationship between the tilling cattle and the prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K242
本文编号：2425847
[Abstract]:The rapid development of agricultural production in the Tang Dynasty created rich material wealth and gave birth to the developed civilization of the Tang Dynasty. The development of agricultural production is closely related to the extensive use of cattle in agricultural production. However, the previous research on cattle and cattle farming techniques in Tang Dynasty, to a certain extent, affected people's understanding of agriculture in Tang Dynasty. Therefore, it is necessary to combine "cattle" and "farming" to further explore the status and role of cattle and cattle cultivation in agricultural production in the Tang Dynasty, so as to help reveal the reasons for the emergence of the prosperous situation in the Tang Dynasty. This article is divided into four parts, the specific study of the Tang Dynasty cattle and cattle tilling several problems. The first part discusses the position of the cattle in the eyes of the Tang people from two aspects: the understanding of the cattle in the Tang Dynasty and the policy of the Tang Dynasty. Tang people believe that cattle is the root of farming, related to the rise and fall of the country, is an indispensable partner in farmers' life. Therefore, the rulers formulated a series of policies on the cultivation of cattle, encouraged the official pastures and folk people to raise cattle, also had a set of scientific and reasonable measures in the management of official cattle and livestock, and formulated a set of strict regulations for the protection of cattle and livestock. And attached great importance to the training of veterinarians. In the second part, the paper studies the cattle farming in Tang Dynasty, and discusses the species and distribution of the cattle, the raising scale and the techniques of raising cattle in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the cattle farming industry developed greatly, and the number of three fine cattle breeds, buffalo and yak increased. Government cattle industry and folk cattle industry have a large scale. The technology of cattle raising has been improved compared with the previous generation, and there has been some progress in the field of large-scale grazing, folk captivity, breeding selection and cattle disease control. In the third part, the paper studies the techniques of cattle cultivation in Tang Dynasty, and discusses Niu Li's farming tools, ways and level of cultivation. The development of cattle farming in Tang Dynasty and the spread of Quyuan plough in large area promoted the further popularization of one cow and one man, and the cultivation level of Tang Dynasty was improved compared with the previous generation, and the agricultural production mode of intensive plowing was further improved. The fourth part discusses the relationship between cattle farming and agriculture in Tang Dynasty from the two aspects of land development and grain production, and reveals the position of cattle tillage in agriculture in Tang Dynasty. The popularization of the farming method of one cow and one person and the use of the quyuan plough made the land development speed up in the Tang Dynasty, grain production developed, and feudal agricultural production reached an unprecedented height. Through the research, it is believed that the cattle has an important position in people's mind, and the ruler has formulated a series of policies to promote the development of cattle farming. The widespread use of cattle in agricultural production, the further popularization of the farming methods of one cow and one person, and the extensive spread of the advanced production tools, the curved plough, made the agricultural production of the Tang Dynasty highly developed, the material wealth was extremely rich, and the social economy was prosperous. It laid a solid foundation for the coming of the prosperous Tang Dynasty civilization. In a sense, the Tang Dynasty was pulled into the golden age by the threshold of cattle. Based on the collection and analysis of relevant documents and archaeological materials, and the study and absorption of the previous research achievements, this paper summarizes and refines the characteristics of cattle and cattle cultivation techniques in Tang Dynasty from the horizontal and vertical aspects. To some extent, it fills up the blank of previous studies, reveals the role of tilling cattle in the agricultural production of Tang Dynasty, and clarifies the relationship between the tilling cattle and the prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K242
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