论后三国时期的军事格局
发布时间：2019-03-14 19:10
【摘要】：从梁中大通六年北魏一分为二,至陈太建九年北齐为北周所灭,期间一共三十四年,是为后三国时代。虽然这段时期不是很长,但是其军事格局的演进可谓内容丰富、影响深远。从梁、东魏、西魏的“三元制衡”,到东魏(北齐)、西魏(北周)的“二元争霸”,再到周陈对峙的“北强南弱”。三种格局依次转变,中国的历史亦为之风云变动。于是经过了曲折、波动的发展过程之后,统一南北的历史出口最终在北朝出现,从中走出一个生机勃勃、繁荣昌盛的隋唐帝国。 本文主要论述了四个问题。第一,东西魏初建期的战争演进及梁朝军事战略部署的变化。从北魏永熙三年北魏一分为二,至东魏武定五年高欢的去世,东西魏战争一共持续了十三年。东魏所居领土,资源较西魏丰富,于是在这段时期的争斗中,一直都是东魏压着西魏,但是宇文泰依旧还是能够固守住关陇地区,将高欢大军挡在潼关、河东以外。而梁朝乘着东西魏于北方大战之时,派兵北伐两国。其中北伐东魏,因其本身用人不当及和实力上的差距,最终未能取得任何成果。北伐西魏虽然夺取了梁州地区,但是也由于东魏南侵和萧梁内部宗室争斗而未能进一步开疆扩土。于是三国一直保持着相互制衡的军事格局。第二,侯景之乱与后三国军事格局的变化。梁朝因侯景之乱已名存实亡,原先三元制衡的军事格局被打破。东魏虽然没有转移其战略目标,但也在这场动乱中获得了江淮地区。西魏则将战略目标南移,占领了梁朝的雍州、汉东、益梁、江陵等地区,使得国力有了显著的增强。如此便形成了西魏、北齐二元争霸的军事格局。第三,梁陈之际南朝政权与北朝军事格局的演进。齐与北周均各自以对方为军事战略的重点,南方并不是军事战略的重心。从陈朝的角度来说,虽然土豪酋帅为政权带来了新的活力,使得北朝政权不敢轻易南侵,但土豪酋帅也成为陈朝内部一个棘手的问题,使得陈朝将主要精力放在解决这一问题上,加之退居长江后北伐难度的加大,陈朝短时间内没有力量再进行北伐。陈最终与北朝东西两大政权确立对峙局面,“北强南弱”已成雏形。第四,后三国末期南北方的军事格局。陈宣帝太建北伐既是其战略方向的转变,也是陈初国策的进一步强调。虽然陈朝致力于崛起,从恢复三元制衡格局,到希冀建立南北二元对立的格局,但是终因战略、战术上的失误,继续困守于长江以南,从而形成了“北强南弱”的军事格局。
[Abstract]:From Liang Zhongtong six years the Northern Wei Dynasty divided into two, to Chen Taijian nine years Bei Qi was destroyed by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, a total of 34 years, for the post-three Kingdoms era. Although this period of time is not very long, but the evolution of its military pattern can be described as rich and far-reaching impact. From Liang, East Wei, West Wei "triple checks and balances", to East Wei (Northern Qi), Western Wei (Northern Zhou) "dualistic struggle for hegemony", to Zhou Chen confrontation "North strong South weak". The three patterns change sequentially, and the history of China is also changing. After a tortuous and fluctuating development, the historical export of the unification of the North and the South finally appeared in the Northern Dynasty, from which a vibrant and prosperous Sui and Tang empires emerged. This paper mainly discusses four problems. First, the evolution of the war in the early period of the East-West Wei Dynasty and the changes in the military strategic deployment of Liang Dynasty. The East-West Wei War lasted 13 years from the three years of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the death of Gao Huan in the five years of the Eastern Wei Dynasty. East Wei lived in the territory, resources are richer than the Western Wei, so in this period of struggle, has been the East Wei pressure on the West Wei, but Yu Wentai still can still hold on to Guanlong area, will Gao Huan army in Tongguan, Hedong outside. Liang Dynasty, while riding the East and West Wei in the Northern War, sent troops to the two countries. The Northern Expedition of the East Wei, due to its own improper employment and strength gap, ultimately failed to achieve any results. Although the Northern Expedition of the Western Wei Dynasty seized the Liangzhou area, but also because of the invasion of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the internal clan struggle of Xiao Liang, it was not possible to further expand the land. As a result, the three countries have maintained a military structure of mutual checks and balances. Second, the chaos of Hou Jingzhi and the changes in the military structure of the post-three countries. Liang Chao because of the chaos of Hou Jingzhi, the original three-element balance of the military structure has been broken. Although the East Wei did not shift its strategic objectives, but also in the turmoil in the Jianghuai region. The Western Wei Dynasty moved the strategic objectives southward, occupying Yongzhou, Handong, Yiliang, Jiangling and other areas of Liang Dynasty, which greatly enhanced the national strength. Thus formed the Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi dualistic military pattern. Thirdly, the evolution of the military structure of the Southern and Northern dynasties between Liang and Chen. Qi and Northern Zhou each take each other as the focus of military strategy, the south is not the focus of military strategy. From the perspective of Chen Dynasty, although Tuhao Chiefa brought new vitality to the regime, making it difficult for the Northern Dynasty regime to invade the south easily, but Tuhao Chiefa also became a thorny issue within the Chen Dynasty. It made Chen Dynasty focus on solving this problem, and the difficulty of Northern Expedition after retiring from the Yangtze River, Chen Dynasty did not have the strength to carry out the Northern Expedition in a short period of time. Chen finally established a stand-off with the East and West regimes of the Northern Dynasty, "North strong, South weak" has become the embryonic form. Fourth, the military pattern in the north and south of the last three countries. Chen Xuandi's Northern Expedition was not only the change of its strategic direction, but also the further emphasis of Chen's early state policy. Although the Chen Dynasty was committed to the rise, from restoring the triple balance pattern to hoping to establish the North-South binary opposition pattern, but because of strategic and tactical mistakes, he continued to cling to the south of the Yangtze River, thus forming a military pattern of "North strong and South weak".
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K239
本文编号：2440282
[Abstract]:From Liang Zhongtong six years the Northern Wei Dynasty divided into two, to Chen Taijian nine years Bei Qi was destroyed by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, a total of 34 years, for the post-three Kingdoms era. Although this period of time is not very long, but the evolution of its military pattern can be described as rich and far-reaching impact. From Liang, East Wei, West Wei "triple checks and balances", to East Wei (Northern Qi), Western Wei (Northern Zhou) "dualistic struggle for hegemony", to Zhou Chen confrontation "North strong South weak". The three patterns change sequentially, and the history of China is also changing. After a tortuous and fluctuating development, the historical export of the unification of the North and the South finally appeared in the Northern Dynasty, from which a vibrant and prosperous Sui and Tang empires emerged. This paper mainly discusses four problems. First, the evolution of the war in the early period of the East-West Wei Dynasty and the changes in the military strategic deployment of Liang Dynasty. The East-West Wei War lasted 13 years from the three years of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the death of Gao Huan in the five years of the Eastern Wei Dynasty. East Wei lived in the territory, resources are richer than the Western Wei, so in this period of struggle, has been the East Wei pressure on the West Wei, but Yu Wentai still can still hold on to Guanlong area, will Gao Huan army in Tongguan, Hedong outside. Liang Dynasty, while riding the East and West Wei in the Northern War, sent troops to the two countries. The Northern Expedition of the East Wei, due to its own improper employment and strength gap, ultimately failed to achieve any results. Although the Northern Expedition of the Western Wei Dynasty seized the Liangzhou area, but also because of the invasion of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the internal clan struggle of Xiao Liang, it was not possible to further expand the land. As a result, the three countries have maintained a military structure of mutual checks and balances. Second, the chaos of Hou Jingzhi and the changes in the military structure of the post-three countries. Liang Chao because of the chaos of Hou Jingzhi, the original three-element balance of the military structure has been broken. Although the East Wei did not shift its strategic objectives, but also in the turmoil in the Jianghuai region. The Western Wei Dynasty moved the strategic objectives southward, occupying Yongzhou, Handong, Yiliang, Jiangling and other areas of Liang Dynasty, which greatly enhanced the national strength. Thus formed the Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi dualistic military pattern. Thirdly, the evolution of the military structure of the Southern and Northern dynasties between Liang and Chen. Qi and Northern Zhou each take each other as the focus of military strategy, the south is not the focus of military strategy. From the perspective of Chen Dynasty, although Tuhao Chiefa brought new vitality to the regime, making it difficult for the Northern Dynasty regime to invade the south easily, but Tuhao Chiefa also became a thorny issue within the Chen Dynasty. It made Chen Dynasty focus on solving this problem, and the difficulty of Northern Expedition after retiring from the Yangtze River, Chen Dynasty did not have the strength to carry out the Northern Expedition in a short period of time. Chen finally established a stand-off with the East and West regimes of the Northern Dynasty, "North strong, South weak" has become the embryonic form. Fourth, the military pattern in the north and south of the last three countries. Chen Xuandi's Northern Expedition was not only the change of its strategic direction, but also the further emphasis of Chen's early state policy. Although the Chen Dynasty was committed to the rise, from restoring the triple balance pattern to hoping to establish the North-South binary opposition pattern, but because of strategic and tactical mistakes, he continued to cling to the south of the Yangtze River, thus forming a military pattern of "North strong and South weak".
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K239
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 祝林;西魏至唐初长安政权对河曲地区的经营[D];陕西师范大学;2012年
，本文编号：2440282
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/zgtslw/2440282.html
