先秦秦汉舜帝形象演变研究
发布时间：2019-03-21 10:34
【摘要】：舜帝是我国传说时代向文明时代过渡时期的重要人物,在古代历史上具有重要地位。但因舜帝本身具有传说色彩,故论文重点不是讨论舜帝及其故事的真实性,而是根据传世文献对先秦秦汉时期文献记载的舜帝形象及其演变过程进行分析。先秦时期有关舜帝的记载主要集中于《尚书》、诸子论著及《竹书纪年》等古籍。《尚书》作为最早记载舜帝事迹的典籍之一,其中主要塑造了舜的“鳏夫”形象以及重点刻画的有作为的帝王形象。但到了春秋战国时期,思想上呈现“百家争鸣”之势,舜帝形象也随着诸子的发挥变得多样化,如圣人形象、孝子形象、兼爱非攻形象、明法度的帝王等等。古本《竹书纪年》中的暴力帝王形象,使得舜帝形象更加复杂。由此我们可看出先秦时期舜帝形象呈现由单一到多元的演变趋势。秦汉时期古籍中的舜帝形象呈多元到统一的演变趋势。《吕氏春秋》对舜帝持褒扬态度,塑造舜为贤主形象;秦始皇对舜帝持蔑视态度;汉初统治集团为赢得百姓对政权的拥护,推崇舜帝,以德治国。舜帝形象在历史发展中不断演变,从春秋战国到汉代由单一到逐渐丰富,定型于司马迁的《史记·五帝本纪》。《史记》中,舜帝形象开始从多元走向统一,其内容则由春秋战国时期的片面单一变得真实丰满。《史记》中塑造的舜为贤明帝王,其成长轨迹清晰明了、真实可信,但同时也受到了当时天命观思想与儒家思想的影响。西汉之后的《汉书》、《后汉书》等典籍中舜的圣贤帝王形象得到强化。先秦秦汉舜帝形象演变的原因是多方面的。先秦时期舜帝形象演变原因主要是,《尚书》作为政史论集塑造了虞舜有作为的帝王形象,但后因诸子引舜帝为例发扬自家学说而导致舜帝形象的多样化。秦汉时期舜帝形象趋于统一与政治上的大一统之势分不开,西汉以后舜的贤明帝王形象更加突出与强化。舜帝形象演变与统一有着深远的历史文化意义,舜帝精神文化可以说是中华道德文化的主源之一,仁孝、勤政、德治等对于我们今天建设和谐社会具有重要的影响。同时,舜帝的德治行为成为后世的榜样,且舜帝德化三苗是将三苗纳入整个中国范围之内,促进了大一统国家意识的形成与发展。
[Abstract]:Emperor Shun is an important figure in the transition period from legend age to civilization age in our country, and plays an important role in ancient history. However, because of the legend of Shun itself, the focus of the thesis is not to discuss the authenticity of Shun Emperor and his story, but to analyze the image and evolution of Shun Emperor recorded in the documents of Qin and Han dynasties in pre-Qin and Han dynasties. The records of Emperor Shun in the pre-Qin period were mainly concentrated in the ancient books such as Shang Shu, the works of various Scholars and the Chronicle of Bamboo Book. As one of the earliest records of the story of Shun Emperor, Shangshu was one of the earliest books to record the deeds of Emperor Shun. It mainly portrays Shun's widower image as well as the important image of emperor. However, in the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period, there was a tendency of "a hundred schools of thought to contend" in thought, and the image of Shun Emperor became diversified with the development of various schools of thought, such as the image of a saint, the image of filial piety, the love of the image of non-aggression, the emperors of Ming Dharma, and so on. The violent image of Emperor Shun in the Ancient Book of Bamboo makes the image of Emperor Shun more complicated. From this we can see that the image of Emperor Shun in the pre-Qin period presents a single to pluralistic evolution trend. The image of Emperor Shun in the ancient books of Qin and Han dynasties showed a trend of diversity to unity. < Lu's Spring and Autumn period > praised Shun and shaped Shun as the image of virtuous master, Qin Shihuang showed contempt for Shun and Emperor Shun. In the early Han Dynasty, the ruling group respected Shun Emperor and ruled the country by virtue in order to win the support of the people to the regime. The image of Shun Emperor continued to evolve in the historical development, from the Spring and Autumn warring States to the Han Dynasty from a single to gradually rich, shaped in Si Maqian's "Historical Records of the five Emperors". In the Records of History, the image of Shun Emperor began to change from pluralism to unity. Its content changed from one-sided and single in the Spring and Autumn period to the warring States period. Shun was a virtuous emperor in the Records of History, whose growth track was clear and authentic, but it was also influenced by the thought of destiny and Confucianism at that time. The image of Shun's saints and emperors in classical books, such as Han Book and Post Han Book after the Western Han Dynasty, was strengthened. There are many reasons for the evolution of the image of Emperor Shun in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. The reason for the evolution of Shun Emperor's image in the pre-Qin period was that Shangshu, as a collection of political and historical theories, shaped Yu and Shun's image of emperor Shun and Shun, but later led to the diversification of the image of Shun Emperor by introducing Emperor Shun as an example to carry forward his own theory. In the Qin and Han dynasties, the image of Shun Emperor tended to be unified from the political unity. After the Western Han Dynasty, the image of the virtuous emperor was more prominent and strengthened. The evolution and unification of the image of Shun Emperor has far-reaching historical and cultural significance. The spiritual culture of Shun Emperor can be said to be one of the main sources of Chinese moral culture. Filial piety, diligence and rule by virtue have an important influence on the construction of a harmonious society today. At the same time, Shun Emperor's behavior of ruling by virtue has become an example of later generations, and the three seedlings of Shundi's demeanor have been brought into the whole scope of China, which has promoted the formation and development of the national consciousness of the great unity.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K22
本文编号：2444857
[Abstract]:Emperor Shun is an important figure in the transition period from legend age to civilization age in our country, and plays an important role in ancient history. However, because of the legend of Shun itself, the focus of the thesis is not to discuss the authenticity of Shun Emperor and his story, but to analyze the image and evolution of Shun Emperor recorded in the documents of Qin and Han dynasties in pre-Qin and Han dynasties. The records of Emperor Shun in the pre-Qin period were mainly concentrated in the ancient books such as Shang Shu, the works of various Scholars and the Chronicle of Bamboo Book. As one of the earliest records of the story of Shun Emperor, Shangshu was one of the earliest books to record the deeds of Emperor Shun. It mainly portrays Shun's widower image as well as the important image of emperor. However, in the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period, there was a tendency of "a hundred schools of thought to contend" in thought, and the image of Shun Emperor became diversified with the development of various schools of thought, such as the image of a saint, the image of filial piety, the love of the image of non-aggression, the emperors of Ming Dharma, and so on. The violent image of Emperor Shun in the Ancient Book of Bamboo makes the image of Emperor Shun more complicated. From this we can see that the image of Emperor Shun in the pre-Qin period presents a single to pluralistic evolution trend. The image of Emperor Shun in the ancient books of Qin and Han dynasties showed a trend of diversity to unity. < Lu's Spring and Autumn period > praised Shun and shaped Shun as the image of virtuous master, Qin Shihuang showed contempt for Shun and Emperor Shun. In the early Han Dynasty, the ruling group respected Shun Emperor and ruled the country by virtue in order to win the support of the people to the regime. The image of Shun Emperor continued to evolve in the historical development, from the Spring and Autumn warring States to the Han Dynasty from a single to gradually rich, shaped in Si Maqian's "Historical Records of the five Emperors". In the Records of History, the image of Shun Emperor began to change from pluralism to unity. Its content changed from one-sided and single in the Spring and Autumn period to the warring States period. Shun was a virtuous emperor in the Records of History, whose growth track was clear and authentic, but it was also influenced by the thought of destiny and Confucianism at that time. The image of Shun's saints and emperors in classical books, such as Han Book and Post Han Book after the Western Han Dynasty, was strengthened. There are many reasons for the evolution of the image of Emperor Shun in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. The reason for the evolution of Shun Emperor's image in the pre-Qin period was that Shangshu, as a collection of political and historical theories, shaped Yu and Shun's image of emperor Shun and Shun, but later led to the diversification of the image of Shun Emperor by introducing Emperor Shun as an example to carry forward his own theory. In the Qin and Han dynasties, the image of Shun Emperor tended to be unified from the political unity. After the Western Han Dynasty, the image of the virtuous emperor was more prominent and strengthened. The evolution and unification of the image of Shun Emperor has far-reaching historical and cultural significance. The spiritual culture of Shun Emperor can be said to be one of the main sources of Chinese moral culture. Filial piety, diligence and rule by virtue have an important influence on the construction of a harmonious society today. At the same time, Shun Emperor's behavior of ruling by virtue has become an example of later generations, and the three seedlings of Shundi's demeanor have been brought into the whole scope of China, which has promoted the formation and development of the national consciousness of the great unity.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K22
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