明朝在甘南藏区的制度建设研究

发布时间：2019-04-09 15:12

【摘要】：1368年,元顺帝北遁,朱元璋继元而立“大明”,开启了明王朝两百多年的封建统治。洪武二年,明军即出师西征,逐步攻克了故元残余势力所据守的西北大部分地区,并将其纳入明王朝的统治之下。洪武三年五月,邓愈攻克河州,故元陕西行省吐蕃宣慰使锁南普等及镇西武靖王卜纳剌以吐蕃诸部来降,标志着甘南藏区纳入明王朝版图的开始。随着岷、洮地区“番酋日至”,明王朝正式将甘南藏区收于治下。甘南藏区地处明王朝西北边地,可谓是连接中原、西北地区、藏区的三角地带,也是明王朝“备虏”、“防番”的前沿阵地,战略地位十分重要。为实现对甘南藏区的有效治理,自河州归附不久,明王朝即开始在河州地区设卫,以加强对其地的管控。随着明军西征任务的完成和明王朝在甘南藏区统治的确立、稳定,明王朝随即效仿明王朝在中原和其他民族地区实行的制度开始在甘南藏区进行适应性的制度建设,主要有土司制度、卫所制度、僧纲制度、金牌信符制度。以上制度虽不是甘南藏区独行的特殊制度,但明王朝无不结合甘南藏区客观、具体的民情、社情对各项制度进行了整改、变通,使其适应了甘南藏区的特殊情况,并有别于其他地区而具有了一定的地区特色。通过上述的制度建设,明王朝逐渐将甘南藏区纳入到自己有效的管辖范围内,在一定程度上巩固了明王朝的西北边防,促进了甘南藏区的社会发展,同时也为明王朝与包括青海、西藏在内的广大藏区联系的加强打下了坚实的基础。
[Abstract]:In 1368, Emperor Yuan Shun Dun, Zhu Yuanzhang succeeded Yuan Dynasty and established "Daming", which opened the feudal rule of the Ming Dynasty for more than 200 years. In Hongwu's two years, the Ming army began the western expedition and gradually conquered most of the northwest where the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty remained, and brought it under the rule of the Ming Dynasty. Hongwu three years in May, Deng Yu conquered Hezhou, so the Yuan Dynasty Shaanxi Province Tubo consolation so that lock Nanpu and the town of Xiwu Jing Wang Bona to the Tubo Department to drop, marking the beginning of the Gannan Tibetan area into the Ming Dynasty territory. With Minmin, Taohe area "Chiefa to", the Ming Dynasty will officially Gannan Tibetan area under the rule. Gannan Tibetan area is located in the northwest border of Ming Dynasty. It can be said that it is the triangle of Central Plains, Northwest region and Tibetan area. It is also the front position of Ming Dynasty's "captivity" and "anti-fan", and its strategic position is very important. In order to realize the effective management of Gannan Tibetan area, the Ming Dynasty began to set up guards in Hezhou area to strengthen the control of its land shortly after it was attached to Hezhou. With the completion of the western expedition of the Ming Army and the establishment and stability of the Ming Dynasty's rule in Gannan Tibetan area, the Ming Dynasty began to build an adaptive system in the Central Plains and other ethnic minority areas, following the example of the Ming Dynasty in the Central Plains and other ethnic minority areas. There are mainly Tusi system, health system, monk system, gold letter system. Although the above-mentioned system is not a special system in Gannan Tibetan area alone, but the Ming Dynasty combined with the objective and specific public conditions of Gannan Tibetan area, the social conditions of the various systems have been reformed and adapted to adapt to the special situation in Gannan Tibetan area. And different from other regions and has a certain regional characteristics. Through the above-mentioned system construction, the Ming Dynasty gradually brought Gannan Tibetan area into its effective jurisdiction, to a certain extent, consolidated the northwest frontier of the Ming Dynasty and promoted the social development of the Gannan Tibetan area. At the same time, it also laid a solid foundation for strengthening the ties between the Ming Dynasty and the Tibetan areas, including Qinghai and Tibet.
【学位授予单位】：北方民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248

【参考文献】