齐学视域下的何休《春秋》学研究

发布时间：2019-05-24 02:49

【摘要】：何休是东汉晚期著名今文经学家,在汉代今文经学发展史上与董仲舒首尾呼应、前后相照。其《春秋》学著述有着庞杂的理论体系,在学术交锋中与郑玄齐名。后世学者从各自治学门径出发,对何休学说思想多有思考和论证,既有支持和发展其学说者,也有反驳和抨击其思想者。出于对何休学术及其思想的浓厚兴趣与关注,本文试图从“齐学”的角度整合其所有的《春秋》学著述,首次在秦汉“齐学”流变的大视野下,全面而系统地研究今文经学大师何休的所有《春秋》学成就,以此探析其整体的《春秋》学思想。值得注意的是,何休为人及治学颇具鲁人气质。其出生于鲁国故地,对《三坟》、《五典》等古籍文献多有研究,又能全面掌握儒家经书内容,达到“精研六经”的水平。作为立场坚定的《公羊》学者,何休深感振兴《公羊》学的困难,以强烈的责任感和忍耐力总结和完善了《公羊》学说。其学习西汉董仲舒“三年不窥园”的治学态度,深居治学十多年,在治学内容上不断钻研《公羊》学深义,在此基础上写作完成《春秋公羊传解诂》。同时,何休兼有齐学通变、多智的性格特点。《公羊》学是两汉显学,属于典型的齐学。何休在成人和师承上深受齐人、齐地的影响。其师承齐学大师泰山羊氏,思想主张中明显体现着齐学主变、兼容的思想内涵。何休在经传合本的基础上注解《公羊》经传,对《公羊传》经传文所用《春秋》经文异文以及《公羊传》传文齐语都有深刻理解和发挥。其发挥《春秋》“三世说”与“王鲁说”,运用阴阳五行学说、灾异说、谶纬说、兵学等来注解和阐发经传文,都是符合齐学特质的内容。同时何休并不是简单的征引、吸收其他学者的思想学说,其自身的学问也体现着深刻的现实关怀与变革精神。其关注现实政治,体现着现实的人文关怀。一方面,他发展《公羊传》本身以及董仲舒在此基础上解释的《公羊》传义,进一步归纳和阐发《春秋》之中的义例,逐步建立起更为系统的《公羊》思想体系,进一步落实和创新了《春秋》经义。另一方面,又能够着眼于汉代史事,以《春秋》辩驳汉代具体事件,深刻发挥其中蕴含着的《公羊》义理。以此在很大程度上直面东汉末年深刻的社会现实危机。何休写作《公羊墨守》、《左氏膏肓》、《z@梁废疾》,这“三阙”的主旨是为了坚守《公羊》阵地。其在今文经学立场上,或维护《公羊传》文本,或是批驳《左传》、《z@梁传》传义。在这一过程中,其以某些合于逻辑思维的方式进行推理论证,从而形成和完善其整体的《春秋》学观点。何休作为颇合齐学特质的鲁人,其正是在这些坚持、质疑甚或是否定的基础上,逐步建构起自身整体的《春秋》学思想与体系。何休的思想学说,特别是其齐学《春秋》学产生了深刻影响。汉末同时代的郑玄对其“三阙”展开了针锋相对的论战,东晋范宁则对其某些学说进行了征引。到唐代,《春秋》三传注疏都形成了较为完整的体系。何休的学说思想,正是通过这些注疏得以保存至今,特别是其对徐彦、孔颖达和杨士勋的注疏产生了重要影响。之后何休学说经过很长一段时间的消沉,终于在清代常州学派的阐发下重新被重视起来,使今文经学得以复兴并产生重大影响。其“张三世”等理论更被引用和改造,成为晚清仁人志士改造社会强有力的思想武器。
[Abstract]:He is a well-known scholar in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and in the history of the study of the Han Dynasty, he and Dong Zhongshu are in an end-to-end. The theory of "Spring and Autumn" has a complex theoretical system, and is in the academic exchanges with the name of Zheng Xuan. In order to support and develop its theory, the scholars of the later time have a lot of thought and demonstration, and also have a rebuttal and bashing of their thoughts. In view of the great interest and concern of the academic and its thoughts, this paper tries to study all the "Spring and Autumn" studies from the perspective of the "Qi Xue" of "Qi Xue". In this way, the whole idea of "Spring and Autumn>" is analyzed. It is worth noting that what Hugh is a man and the subject of the study is Lu's temperament. It is born in the country of Lu, and has a lot of research on the ancient books such as the Three Grave and the Five Classic. It can also master the contents of the Confucian classics and reach the level of the "Jingyan Liujing". As the firm of the "ram> scholar", He Hugh felt the difficulty of revitalizing the "ram> study", and summarized and perfected the "ram> theory with a strong sense of responsibility and endurance." It is a study of the treatment attitude of Dong Zhongshu's "three-year unpeeping garden" in the Western Han Dynasty, which has been studied for more than a decade. The study has been on the basis of the study of the "ram> learning", and on this basis, the writing is completed. At the same time, he also has the characteristics of both Qi-learning and multi-intelligence. The study of the "male sheep" is a two-part study, which is typical of the Qi-learning. He is deeply influenced by the Qi and the Qi in the adult and the teacher. The master, the master of the school, Mount Tai Yang, the idea of the main transformer, the compatible thought connotation. He is on the basis of the book of the book on the basis of the note the passage, to the the passage of the passage of the the text of the text, and the the communication and the language all have a deep understanding and play. It plays a role in the "III." and the "Wang Lu said" of the Spring and Autumn period, and uses the theory of Yin and Yang and the five elements, the disaster and the other, and said that the theory of military science and so on is the content that conforms to the characteristics of the Qi. At the same time, he is not a simple sign, and absorbs the thought theory of other scholars, and its own knowledge also embodies the profound realistic care and the change spirit. It is concerned with the real politics, which embodies the realistic human care. On the one hand, he developed the "male sheep" and its own, and Dong Zhongshu, on this basis, explained the "ram> meaning", further sums up and elucidates the righteousness in the "Spring and Autumn", gradually establishes a more systematic "ram> ideology system, and further implements and innovates the" Spring and Autumn ". On the other hand, we can focus on the history of the Han Dynasty, and take the "Spring and Autumn> Spring and Autumn" to refute the specific events in the Han Dynasty. In order to face the deep social and realistic crisis in the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to a great extent. The main purpose of this "three-year-old" is to stick to the "ram> position". It is in this writing position, or the maintenance of the text, or the refuting , meaning. In this process, it is proved by some way of logical thinking, so as to form and perfect the whole idea of "Spring and Autumn". He Hugh, who is a very close-minded Lu, gradually constructs its own whole "Spring and Autumn" theory and system on the basis of these adherence, challenge, or negation. He Hugh's theory of thought, in particular his learning, has a profound influence on the study of the Spring and Autumn. In the end of the Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan, in the same time, conducted a comparative study on his "three-year-old". In the Tang Dynasty, the more complete system was formed in the "Spring and Autumn" and "Spring and Autumn". The theory of He's theory, which has been preserved so far, has an important influence on the injection of Xu Yan, Kong Yingda and Yang Shixun. After that, he said that after a long period of depression, it was finally revalued under the hermeneutic of the Changzhou school in the Qing Dynasty, which made it a revival and a great influence. His "Zhang III" and other theories are more referenced and transformed into a powerful ideological weapon in the late Qing dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K225.04

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