明代朝廷对永顺土司嘉奖研究

发布时间：2019-06-28 13:07

【摘要】：土司制度是元明清王朝主要推行于西南少数民族地区的行政管理制度,而永顺土司是湖广地区的大土司之一。永顺土司建制历代均有变化,元朝为永顺安抚司,明清为永顺宣慰司。明代是永顺土司最为强盛的时期,下辖“三州六洞”,管辖区域大致与今天湖南省湘西自治州的龙山、古丈、永顺三县相当。学术界关于永顺土司制度研究主要聚焦于土司沿革、政治制度、军事制度、改土归流等方面较多,但是对于重要内容之一的嘉奖制度却关注不够。从正史、方志及土司族谱等民间文献记载可知,明代永顺土司曾经不断接受明廷征调和朝贡,屡次受到明廷优厚的嘉奖。为此,本文以永顺土司为个案,以官方和民间资料为研究基础,对永顺土司所受明廷嘉奖进行研究,意在从永顺土司所受嘉奖渠道、内容及影响展开研究,进而对永顺土司与中央王朝之间的互动关系进行探究。全文分为六个部分。“绪论”部分主要对选题缘起、研究意义、学术界关于永顺土司及土司嘉奖相关研究成果进行了阐述。第一章,以“明代永顺土司”为题,以文献资料记载为史料基础,从明代永顺土司区的人文自然环境、明代永顺土司的建立与发展及明廷对永顺土司政治、经济、文化方面的管理等方面,对永顺土司的建置沿革、辖地演变及明廷治理永顺土司的历史过程进行了阐述。第二章,以“明代土司嘉奖制度”为题,以《明史》、《明会典》等史料为基础,从军功的朝贡入手,勾勒出明代土司嘉奖制度等制定和演变过程。第三章,以“明王朝对永顺土司嘉奖的内容”为题,首先,以永顺土司从征、朝贡事实为个案,对永顺土司所受嘉奖的军功和朝贡渠道进行研究;其次,从物质嘉奖、官阶嘉奖、及时间变化等方面,分析了永顺土司所受嘉奖内容变化及其原因。第四章,以“明王朝对永顺土司嘉奖产生的影响”为题,从三方面分析了明廷对永顺土司嘉奖所产生的作用。其作用首先体现在嘉奖激励了永顺土司作战,在平定地方的同时也巩固了明王朝的统治。其次体现在有利于调动永顺土司征调与朝贡的积极性,使明廷在出现危机及需要时,永顺土司在行动上表现出自觉性。其三在于随着永顺土司所受嘉奖的增多,土司的实力和声望有所上升,从而使其与周边土司的关系产生了变化,维护了土司区的稳定。
[Abstract]:The Tusi system is the administrative system mainly carried out in the southwest minority areas in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and Yongshun Tusi is one of the great Tusi in Huguang area. Yongshun Tusi system has changed over the past dynasties, Yuan Dynasty for Yongshun comfort Division, Ming and Qing dynasties for Yongshun Xuanshu Division. The Ming Dynasty was the strongest period of Yongshun Tusi, under the jurisdiction of "three prefectures and six holes", the jurisdiction area is roughly the same as Longshan, Guzhang and Yongshun counties in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province today. The academic research on Yongshun toast system mainly focuses on the evolution of toast, political system, military system, land return and so on, but the reward system, which is one of the important contents, is not paid enough attention to. From the official history, local chronicles and Tusi genealogy and other folk literature records, it can be seen that Yongshun Tusi in Ming Dynasty used to accept Ming Dynasty solicitation and tribute, and was repeatedly praised by Ming Dynasty. Therefore, taking Yongshun toast as an example, based on the official and private materials, this paper studies the Ming Dynasty reward received by Yongshun Tusi, in order to study the channel, content and influence of Yongshun toast, and then to explore the interactive relationship between Yongshun Tusi and the central dynasty. The full text is divided into six parts. The introduction mainly expounds the origin of the selected topic, the significance of the research, and the related research results of Yongshun toast and toast award in academic circles. The first chapter, based on the historical data of Yongshun Tusi District in Ming Dynasty, expounds the construction evolution, jurisdiction evolution and historical process of Yongshun Tusi District in Ming Dynasty from the aspects of the human and natural environment of Yongshun Tusi District in Ming Dynasty, the establishment and development of Yongshun Tusi District in Ming Dynasty and the political, economic and cultural management of Yongshun Tusi by Ming Dynasty. The second chapter, based on the Ming Dynasty Tusi Award system, the Ming Dynasty History, the Ming Dynasty canon and other historical materials, starts with the tribute of military merit, and outlines the formulation and evolution process of the Ming Dynasty Tusi Award system. In the third chapter, based on the title of "the content of Yongshun Tusi Award in Ming Dynasty", first of all, taking Yongshun Tusi as an example, this paper studies the military merit and tributary channel awarded by Yongshun Tusi. Secondly, from the aspects of material reward, official order award, and time change, this paper analyzes the change of Yongshun Tusi's reward content and its causes. The fourth chapter, with the title of "the influence of Ming Dynasty on Yongshun Tusi Award", analyzes the role of Ming Dynasty in Yongshun Tusi Award from three aspects. Its function is first reflected in the reward to encourage Yongshun toast to fight, not only calm the place, but also consolidate the rule of the Ming Dynasty. Secondly, it is conducive to arousing the enthusiasm of Yongshun Tusi to recruit and pay tribute, so that when the Ming Dynasty appeared crisis and need, Yongshun Tusi showed consciousness in its actions. The third is that with the increase of awards received by Yongshun toast, the strength and reputation of toast have increased, so that its relationship with the surrounding toast has changed and maintained the stability of the toast area.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248

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