《四书》德治思想研究

发布时间：2018-12-16 16:22

【摘要】：本文主要以《四书》文本为素材,借鉴前辈时贤的研究成果,从为政以德、养民富民、礼主刑辅三个方面对先秦儒家的德治主义思想做了系统梳理,以期为构建社会主义和谐社会、建设有中国特色的社会主义提供有益借鉴。引言:对先秦儒家德治思想问题的提出及其意义、国内外研究现状、本文的研究框架和方法做了论述。第一章:《四书》结构理论及其德治思想的理论渊源。本章首先介绍了《四书》的组成结构、各自的思想内容以及它们的内在相互联系,然后论述了先秦儒家德治思想的理论来源。先秦儒家德治思想的产生、形成有其深远的历史文化渊源和深厚的思想根基。它是在继承远自上古传说中的三皇五帝,近自西周以来的德治思想的基础上形成的。第二章:德治思想的核心。主要从正己化人、仁政爱民、尚贤任能三个方面对先秦儒家为政以德的思想进行了阐述。先秦儒家认为实行德治的关键是统治者首先要修身以德,正己化人;其次要以民为本,实行仁政;最后要德才并举,选拔任用贤能之人来治国理政。这几个方面是先秦儒家德治主义思想理论的核心所在。第三章:德治的经济基础。主要论述了先秦儒家德治主义的经济思想。先秦儒家坚持认为,要实现德治,首先就要采取有效措施养民富民。为此,他们主张为政者要以德为本、以财为末,做到轻赋薄敛、使民以时、节用爱民。并认为这是赢得民心、实现德治的基础。第四章:德治的制度保证。主要阐述了先秦儒家的礼主刑辅思想。在富民的基础上教民,是先秦儒家德治思想的重要组成部分。先秦儒家认为以礼教化臣民,把人们的思想言行和情感纳入礼的调节规范中,是实行德治的基本手段。但是,礼有其局限和不足,需要辅之以刑罚。因此,只有以礼为主,礼刑兼用,省刑慎罚,宽猛相济才能从根本上保证德治的实行。结语:先秦儒家的德治思想作为一种政治伦理制度,对中国古代社会的政治、经济、文化,乃至社会生活的方方面面都产生了极其深远的历史影响。时至今日,它的许多思想观念仍深深地影响着人们的思想言行和情感。因此,以历史唯物主义的态度,对之作出客观正确的评价,必将给我们构建社会主义和谐社会、建设有中国特色的社会主义提供许多有益的理论和实践借鉴。
[Abstract]:Based on the text of "four Books", and drawing on the research achievements of the predecessors, this paper systematically combs the thought of "rule by virtue" of the pre-Qin Confucianism from three aspects: the administration of morality, the cultivation of the people and the enrichment of the people, and the principle of propriety and punishment. In order to build a harmonious socialist society, the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics to provide useful reference. Introduction: to the pre-Qin Confucian thought of rule of virtue put forward and its significance, domestic and foreign research status, the research framework and methods of this paper is discussed. Chapter one: the theory of structure and its theoretical origin of rule of virtue. This chapter first introduces the composition of the "four Books", their ideological content and their internal relations, and then discusses the theoretical source of Confucian rule of virtue in the pre-Qin period. The formation of Confucian rule of virtue in pre-Qin period has its profound historical and cultural origin and profound ideological foundation. It is formed on the basis of inheriting the three kings and five emperors from ancient legend and the thought of rule of virtue since the Western Zhou Dynasty. Chapter two: the core of the thought of rule by virtue. This paper mainly expounds the thought of the pre-Qin Confucianists in order to govern by virtue from three aspects: upright people, benevolent politics and loving the people, and Shang Xian, Ren and Shang Xianchao. Pre-Qin Confucian thought that the key to implement the rule of virtue was that the ruler should first cultivate virtue and normalize himself; secondly he should take the people as the basis and implement benevolent government; finally he should develop both virtue and ability and select and appoint the people who could manage the country. These aspects are the core of the pre-Qin Confucian doctrine of rule of virtue. Chapter three: the economic foundation of rule by virtue. It mainly discusses the economic thought of the Confucian rule of virtue in the pre-Qin period. Pre-Qin Confucianism insisted that to achieve the rule of virtue, we must first take effective measures to enrich the people. For this reason, they advocate that those in power should take virtue as the basis and wealth as the end, so as to save time and love the people. And think this is to win the popular support, realize the foundation of rule by virtue. Chapter four: the system guarantee of rule by virtue. Mainly elaborated the pre-Qin Confucianist's thought of propriety, punishment and auxiliary. Teaching the people on the basis of enriching the people is an important part of the Confucian rule of virtue in the pre-Qin period. Pre-Qin Confucianists thought that it was the basic means to rule by virtue to educate subjects with rites, and to bring people's thoughts, words, words and feelings into the regulation norms of rites. However, ritual has its limitations and shortcomings, and needs to be supplemented by punishment. Therefore, only with the courtesy as the main, both the ceremony and punishment, save punishment careful punishment, lenient and fierce can fundamentally ensure the implementation of the rule of virtue. Conclusion: as a system of political ethics, the pre-Qin Confucian thought of rule by virtue has had a profound historical impact on the politics, economy, culture and even all aspects of social life in ancient China. Today, many of its ideas still deeply affect people's thoughts, words and feelings. Therefore, taking the attitude of historical materialism and making an objective and correct evaluation of it, we will certainly provide many useful theoretical and practical references for us to build a harmonious socialist society and build socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D09

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