霍布斯的机械唯物论中的辩证法

发布时间：2018-12-18 10:13

【摘要】：霍布斯的哲学具有明显的唯物论性质,因为他认为哲学应当以物质体为研究对象,并强调了人的一切知识都来源于对外部对象的感觉。他认为只有广延是物体的根本性质,并承认绝对静止,崇尚还原论,排斥偶然性,把世界和人都看作是机器,就此而论,他的哲学具有机械论的性质。但是他的哲学中仍然有许多丰富而深刻的辩证法思想:他对物体、现象和影像的区分,具有物自显和认识发生的信息中介的深刻韵味;他关于必然性质、客观偶性和主观偶性关系的论述则强调了偶性既是我们认识事物的方式,又是事物向我们显现的方式;他关于感觉器官向外的努力与对象向内的努力相统一而产生感觉的理论,则强调了认识发生的内外合和被主体认识方式所中介的辩证法思想;他关于主观空间、时间影像和物体性质与运动方式之间关系的论述则深刻体现了物体性质通过形式转换而呈现,进而实现其观念标示的认识发生机制的辩证法思想。
[Abstract]:Hobbes' philosophy has an obvious materialistic nature because he believes that philosophy should focus on the material body and emphasizes that all human knowledge comes from the feeling of external objects. He thinks that only extension is the fundamental nature of the object, and acknowledges absolute stillness, advocates reductionism, repels chance, and regards the world and man as machines. In this respect, his philosophy has the nature of mechanism. But there are still many rich and profound dialectical thoughts in his philosophy: his distinction between objects, phenomena and images has the profound lasting appeal of the information intermediary in which things are self-evident and happen; His exposition on necessity, objective duality and subjective duality emphasizes that duality is not only the way we know things, but also the way things appear to us. His theory on the unity of outward effort of sensory organ and inward effort of object emphasizes the internal and external combination of cognition and the dialectic thought mediated by the way of subject cognition. His exposition on the relationship between subjective space, temporal image and the nature of objects and the mode of motion deeply embodies the dialectical thought that the nature of objects is presented through the transformation of form, and then realizes the cognitive mechanism of the indication of his ideas.
【作者单位】：西安交通大学国际信息哲学研究中心;
【基金】：2013年度国家社会科学基金重点项目(13AZD096)
【分类号】：D091

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