清顺康时期的山东对外贸易

发布时间：2018-01-03 01:15

本文关键词：清顺康时期的山东对外贸易　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：山东历史，是一部丰富多彩的历史，是一部灿烂辉煌的历史。山东人民在历史上所创造的物质文明和精神文明值得后人去发掘、探讨、借鉴和发扬光大。学界，关于清代对外贸易的研究多集中在东南沿海诸省，，专门研究山东的海外贸易文章比较少。其实，山东在清代海外贸易体系中占有重要的地位，有着鲜明的特点。对清顺康时期山东海外贸易的研究，不仅可作为区域比较研究的基础，而且可以清楚的了解清前期山东海外贸易的一些具体情况。本论文以顺康时期国内外形势和海禁政策为背景，论述清顺康时期山东对外贸易的情况，主要是山东半岛与朝鲜和日本之间的贸易交往状况。研究发现，清顺康时期，政府的海禁政策时严时松，山东与东南沿海相比较主要不同之处在于：1.海禁政策实行的时间短。2.海禁政策的严格程度轻。政策的改动对山东与朝鲜和日本的对外贸易有很大影响。虽然清廷与朝鲜之间有朝贡贸易，但受政策影响，两者之间的贸易并不发达。山东居民与朝鲜居民之间主要是“渔采贸易”，在朝鲜出现灾年时，清廷给予帮助，加深了两国人民的友谊之情。山东与朝鲜的对外贸易主要有以下几种形式：山东商人在开市地进行和买与偷、渔采贸易、漂风船贸易。在开海前山东与日本之间的贸易主要通过朝鲜进行，两者间的贸易大多以朝鲜为跳板，在康熙开海禁后，中日贸易主要在长崎一地进行。其实山东船去日本贸易的并不多，多是福建、广东等沿海省份把山东当作为中转站，以补给或采买药材等土特产。可以说顺康时期，山东半岛在全国对外贸易中并不占主要地位，没有成为对外贸易中非常重要的一个贸易中心。康熙十八年（1679年）开海禁后，山东没有专门设立对外贸易机构，对外贸易与国内沿海贸易的管理权都掌握在地方官手里。清顺康时期山东对外贸易相对发展的主要原因有：海禁政策较宽松；清政府实行轻税、利商政策，并且政府有时鼓励商人去日本贸易，比如，国内缺少制钱的铜原料，清政府鼓励去日本大量购买铜；海上交通便利；山东物产丰富。山东与朝鲜和日本进行对外贸易有利于百姓生计、增进相互了解。有利于山东、朝鲜和日本形成了一个小的贸易圈。有助于山东、日本之间的经济和文化的交流与发展。进行贸易当然会增加山东地方的财政收入，也促进了山东当地手工业的发展。虽然这一时期山东与朝鲜、日本之间的贸易并不发达，但为以后的贸易发展打下了基础。
[Abstract]:Shandong history is a rich and colorful history, is a brilliant history. The material and spiritual civilization created by the people of Shandong in history is worth exploring, discussing, using for reference and carrying forward. The research on foreign trade in Qing Dynasty is mostly focused on the southeast coastal provinces, and there are few articles devoted to studying overseas trade in Shandong. In fact, Shandong occupies an important position in the overseas trade system of Qing Dynasty. The study of Shandong overseas trade in Qingshunkang period can not only be used as the basis of regional comparative study, but also can clearly understand the specific situation of Shandong overseas trade in the early Qing Dynasty. Based on the situation at home and abroad and the policy of sea ban in Shunkang period, this paper discusses the situation of Shandong foreign trade in Qingshunkang period, mainly the situation of trade exchanges between Shandong Peninsula and Korea and Japan. During the Qing Shun Kang period, the government's policy of banning the sea was strict and relaxed. The main differences between Shandong and the southeast coast are:. 1. The sea ban policy was implemented for a short period of time. 2. The maritime ban policy was light. The changes in the policy had a great impact on Shandong's foreign trade with Korea and Japan, although there was tributary trade between the Qing Dynasty and the DPRK. But under the influence of policy, the trade between the two is not developed. Shandong residents and Korean residents are mainly "fishing trade", in North Korea in the disaster year, the Qing Dynasty to help. The foreign trade between Shandong and Korea is mainly in the following forms: Shandong merchants carry out and buy and steal in the open market, and trade in fishing and mining. Before the opening of the sea, the trade between Shandong and Japan was mainly carried out through North Korea. Most of the trade between the two was based on North Korea as a springboard, after Kangxi opened the sea. Sino-Japanese trade is mainly carried out in Nagasaki. In fact, not many ships from Shandong trade to Japan. Most of them use Shandong as a transit station in coastal provinces such as Fujian and Guangdong. It can be said that in Shunkang period Shandong Peninsula did not occupy the main position in the national foreign trade and did not become a very important trade center in foreign trade. After Kangxi opened the sea for eighteen years (1679), Shandong did not set up a special foreign trade agency. The main reasons for the relative development of Shandong's foreign trade in Qingshunkang period are: the policy of sea ban is relatively loose; The Qing government carried out the policy of light tax, profit business, and the government sometimes encouraged merchants to go to Japan to trade, for example, the domestic lack of copper raw materials to make money, the Qing government encouraged to go to Japan to buy large quantities of copper; Facilitation of maritime transport; Shandong is rich in products. Shandong's foreign trade with Korea and Japan is conducive to people's livelihood and mutual understanding. It is good for Shandong, Korea and Japan have formed a small circle of trade. Economic and cultural exchanges and development between Japan. Trade will of course increase local revenue in Shandong and promote the development of local handicrafts in Shandong, although during this period Shandong and North Korea. The trade between Japan is not developed, but for the future trade development laid the foundation.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K249

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