明清时期陕西商帮历史贡献及其现实意义探析

发布时间：2018-01-05 17:33

本文关键词：明清时期陕西商帮历史贡献及其现实意义探析　出处：《西北大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《明清时期陕西商帮历史贡献及其现实意义探析》一文是围绕明代初年产生的陕西商帮,是充分利用明政府在陕西实行的“食盐开中”、“茶马交易”政策而迅速崛起的中国产生最早的商帮或商业集团。他们登上历史舞台后,以大无畏的首创精神,将陕西的资源存量转化为经济增量；将陕西的区位优势转化为经济优势；将陕西的技术存量转化为效益增量,在食盐、茶叶、棉布、药材、水烟、木材、皮货和钱庄八大关系国计民生的产业领域,形成了自身的优势地位,垄断经营着明清时期东部与西部贸易联系达五百年之久,在东西部的贸易通商领域始终处于主导量的地位,在五百多年的历史经营中,他们是明清时期最早登上历史舞台的中国商帮；在明政府“茶马交易”政策引导下,他们踩出了从陕西紫阳、汉中到甘肃洮州、河州的中国历史上首条茶马古道：开创了中国历史上第一条盐马古道——定边盐马古道开创者；创造了“合伙股份制”中国历史上最早的股份制；创造了中国历史上最早的以“日分”为主要形式的契约股份制；他们创造了明清时期青藏、康藏草原上最早的民族贸易中介形式—“歇家”、“锅桩”；在清代“川盐入黔”过程中,他们将陕西“西凤酒”的酿造技艺引入贵州,创造了号称“中国国酒”的“茅台酒”；他们是号称“天下第一会馆”--社旗山陕会馆的创造者等“八个历史第一”,并形成了以“厚重直至,忠义仁勇”为核心价值观的“陕商精神”。这些历史贡献,对于推动明清全国商品经济的发展,促使明清之际中国市场经济的萌芽,推动西部经济的初步开发和对陕西经济的发展都发挥出了巨大的历史能量,留下了光辉的足迹。在今天为实现中华民族伟大复兴奋斗的新的历史时期,研究陕西商帮的历史作用和历史贡献,总结他们的历史经验和历史创造,对于激发陕西人的改革开放精神,为陕西经济社会发展提供历史经验和精神动力；对于社会主义国有企业的经营制度改革和发展混合经济,推动社会主义企业制度的完善；对于把陕西建成丝绸之路经济带新起点,实现国家向西发展的改革开放战略；对于推动社会主义以诚信为主要内容的市场规则的形成和完善社会主义道德体系建设,都可提供直接的历史经验和具有直接操作性的历史借鉴；都可提供历史文化的模版和优秀传统文化的支撑。
[Abstract]:An Analysis of the Historical contribution and realistic significance of Shaanxi Commercial groups in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The article revolves around the early years of the Ming Dynasty and takes full advantage of the "salt opening" implemented by the Ming government in Shaanxi. "Tea and horse trading" policy and the rapid rise of China's earliest business groups or business groups. They boarded the historical stage, with the fearless spirit of initiative, Shaanxi's resource stock into economic growth; Turn Shaanxi's regional advantage into economic advantage; The technology stock of Shaanxi will be transformed into benefit increment, in salt, tea, cotton cloth, medicinal materials, water fumes, wood, leather goods and money bank related to the national economy and people's livelihood in the industrial field, forming its own dominant position. Monopoly management in the Ming and Qing dynasties eastern and western trade ties for 500 years, in the eastern and western areas of trade and trade has always been in the leading position, in more than 500 years of historical management. They were the earliest Chinese business groups on the historical stage in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Under the guidance of the "Tea and Horse Trade" policy of the Ming government, they stepped out from Ziyang, Shaanxi, Hanzhong to Taozhou, Gansu. Hezhou's first tea horse road in Chinese history: the first salt horse ancient road in Chinese history-the founder of the Dingbian Salt Horse Road; It created the earliest joint-stock system in the history of China. Created the earliest contract joint-stock system in the history of China with "Japanese division" as the main form; They created the earliest forms of ethnic trade intermediary in Qinghai-Tibet and Kangzang grasslands during the Ming and Qing dynasties-"Xie Jia", "pot pile"; In the process of "Sichuan salt entering Guizhou" in Qing Dynasty, they introduced the brewing technique of Shaanxi "Xifeng wine" into Guizhou, and created "Mao Tai Liquor", which is called "China National Wine". They are known as "the first Guild in the world"-the creators of Shanshan and Shaanxi Guild Hall of the social flag, and so on "eight history first", and formed with "thick until." Zhongyi Renyong "as the core value of the" Shaanxi-Shang spirit ". These historical contributions to promote the development of commodity economy in the Ming and Qing dynasties, promote the germination of China's market economy during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The initial development of the western economy and the development of the economy of Shaanxi have both given play to the great historical energy and left a brilliant footprint, which is a new historical period of struggle to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation today. To study the historical role and contribution of Shaanxi merchants and sum up their historical experience and historical creation can stimulate the spirit of reform and opening up of Shaanxi people and provide historical experience and spiritual power for the economic and social development of Shaanxi. To reform the management system of the socialist state-owned enterprises and to develop the mixed economy, and to promote the perfection of the socialist enterprise system; To build Shaanxi into a new starting point of the Silk Road economic belt and to realize the reform and opening up strategy of the westward development of the country; It can provide direct historical experience and direct operable historical reference for promoting the formation of market rules with honesty as the main content and perfecting the construction of socialist moral system. Can provide the template of history and culture and the support of excellent traditional culture.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K248

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