战国前期的韩国研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 10:26

本文关键词：战国前期的韩国研究　出处：《河南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：韩氏无论是在为晋卿时期还是立国之后,力量都较为单薄。韩氏家族是晋国公室桓叔之后,被称为“桓族”。春秋初年,在晋献公“灭公族”、“尽灭群公子”的背景下,做为“桓族”的韩氏在被打击之列,几乎遭遇灭顶之灾。晋灵公时期,在赵盾的举荐下,曾“畜于赵氏”的韩厥出任司马一职,由此韩氏逐步发展,成为晋国的望族。韩氏之所以能够在晋国诸大族中胜出,成为三家分晋之一的强宗大族,首先是韩厥、韩起在晋国的军功及他们对韩氏家族的经营,其次是与赵、魏大族的同盟关系。晋国尚军功的政策,以及晋、楚争霸的大背景都为韩氏的发展提供了良好的机会。分晋之初,三家依然保持着同盟关系,称为三晋。在魏文侯的主导下,三晋联合伐齐攻楚,所向无敌,终于在公元前403年,迫使周天子为三家“正名”,立为诸侯。立国后,韩国最迫切的要求就是打开通向中原的道路,向中原地区发展。早在三家分知氏时,韩氏就有了“吞郑”的计划,并为灭掉郑国做了充分的准备工作。随后,韩国在进攻中原的过程中,不断地攻占蚕食郑国的辖地,韩国的都城由平阳迁到了原属于郑国的宜阳,之后又将阳翟作为攻郑的前沿军事基地,形同陪都。在公元前375年,韩国终于灭掉郑国,并把韩国的国都迁到新郑。然而,韩国内部的局面并不容乐观,由于公族势力强大,韩国的几次迁都又形成了不同的势力集团,如公室与大族之间、各个大族之间的矛盾日益加深,最终酿成了韩相侠累遇刺和韩哀侯被弑事件。韩懿侯继位后,并未对其父韩哀侯被弑的事件进行追责,究其原因当有以下四点:第一,韩懿侯与韩严是同一利益集团。第二,韩懿侯势单力薄,他继承君位是各利益集团相互妥协的结果。第三,韩国刚迁都郑不久,需要公族势力的支持,来对抗郑国旧族的反抗。第四,三晋联盟破裂,外患滋生。但可以肯定的是,韩懿侯时期,君权得到了强化。这也是韩懿侯之后,韩昭侯能够任用申不害为相,进行顺利改革的原因。改革前,韩国处于内忧外患之中。在对外关系方面,三晋联盟破裂,韩国承受着来自魏国的强大军事威胁。韩国内部的主要问题则是,公族权力强大,政治日益腐化,灭郑后郑人仍然有很强的反抗情绪。韩昭侯八年(公元前355年),韩国任用申不害为相,进行改革。改革的主要内容是加强君权、任贤使能等。申不害改革,使韩国中央集权的专制体制基本形成。首先表现在君权的强化,废除世卿世禄制度,将世袭大族改变为国君可以任免调遣的官吏,任命官员的权力收归到国君手中,加强了国君对官员的控制力。另外,韩国对官员实行文武分职,对封君权力进行限制,国君掌握军队调动的权力,在地方上实行郡县二级的行政管理制等,这些都是君权走向专制的表现。改革之后,韩国在外交上倒向魏国,两国之间有了短暂的和平。但是改革也带来了严重的弊端,韩昭侯过度用“术”,大大限制了官员的主动性,严重影响了行政机关的运转效率。另外,一边倒的投向强大的魏国,使韩国在外交上变为被动。韩昭侯统治时期,韩国国势开始衰退。首先,韩国对内管理措施的失误,以及外交政策的欠妥,是影响韩国政治发展的重要原因。另外,韩国西临王室、东邻强魏的地缘位置,也使韩国很难向外发展。韩国在战国七雄之中,是始终属于较弱地位的诸侯国。
[Abstract]:Whether in or after the Han state for Drummond period, power is weak. The Han family is ancient Jin Huan Shu, known as the "one family". In the early years of spring and Autumn period, Duke Xian "gongzu", "extinct group childe" background, as a "Huan family" Han being hit list, almost suffered. The king crowning calamity period in Zhao Dun's recommendation, "Zhao in animal" Han Jue served as the Sima post, which gradually become the development of Han, Jin. Han's family has been able to win in the Jin clan, became one of the three sub Jin strong family, the first is Han Jue, Han Jin in the military and their management of the Han family, followed by Zhao, Wei Han's alliance. Jin is military policy, as well as Jin, Chu's background provides a good opportunity for the development of Han Jin. At the beginning of three. Still Keep the alliance, called Shanxi. Under the leadership of Wei Wenhou, Shanxi combined with Qi Chu, invincible, and finally in 403 BC, the Zhou emperor forced three "name", as a vassal country. After South Korea, the most urgent requirement is to open the Central Plains Road, to the development of the central Plains early in the three sub regions. That's when Han had "swallow Zheng", and made full preparations for the destruction of Zheng Guo. Subsequently, South Korea in the process of attacking the Central Plains in the constantly eroded Zheng Guo captured the jurisdiction, South Korea's capital moved from Pingyang to the original belongs to Zheng Guo. Yiyang, after Yang Zhai as a frontier military base attack, Zheng was the capital. In 375 BC, South Korea finally destroyed Zheng Guo, and South Korea's move to Xinzheng. However, the South situation is not optimistic, because of the powerful gongzu, South Korea's capital and the formation of several times The different power group, such as between the public rooms and families, each family contradiction between the increasingly deepened, eventually led to the assassination of Han Xiangxia murdered and tired Yanzhong events. Han Yihou succeeded, his father was murdered not to Yanzhong events accountable, the reason as the following four points: first, Han Yihou and Han strict is the same interest group. In second, Han Yihou is weak, He Jun each interest group the result of a compromise inheritance. Third, Hanguo Gang Zheng gongzu capital soon, need the support forces to fight against the old Zheng Guo family revolt. Fourth, third Jin Alliance, all breed. But it is certain that the Han Yihou period, monarchical power has been strengthened. This is also Han Yihou, Han Zhaohou to appointment shenbuhai phase, reasons for the smooth reform. Before the reform, South Korea. In the domestic trouble and foreign invasion in foreign relations, the alliance, South Korea Under a strong military threat from the state of Wei. The main problems within South Korea is gongzu powerful political, increasingly corrupt, Zheng Zheng after death still have strong emotional resistance. Han Zhaohou eight years (355 BC), South Korea and shenbuhai phase, reform the main content of the reform. Is to strengthen the monarchical power. Shenbuhai reform appoint people on their merit, so that South Korea centralized autocratic system basic formation. The first performance in the strengthening of monarchical power, abolishing the hereditary system, the hereditary family changed to monarch fielding appointing officials, appointed officials the power reverted to the monarch's hands, to strengthen the control of the monarch force officials. In addition, South Korea to implement the separation between civilian and military posts of officials, restrictions on the emperor power, king master to mobilize the army power, two counties implemented administrative management system in place, these are the autocratic performance reform. After South Korea, backward in diplomacy between the two countries Wei, a brief peace. But the reform has also brought serious drawbacks, Han Zhaohou excessive use of "technique", greatly limits the initiative of officials, seriously affected the administrative efficiency. In addition, one-sided to powerful Wei, so that South Korea in diplomacy becomes passive. During the reign of the Han Zhaohou, South Korea began to decline. First, South Korea on management measures of errors, and foreign policy defect, is an important factor affecting the Korean political development. In addition, South West of the royal family, the East Wei strong geopolitical position, the South Korea South Korea is difficult to develop outwards. In the Warring States, is always belongs to the weak position of the vassal state.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K231

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