对在华苏联专家问题的历史考察:基本状况及政策变化

发布时间：2018-03-14 05:40

本文选题：世纪年代　切入点：苏联专家　出处：《当代中国史研究》2002年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：向国外派遣大量专家和顾问 ,是冷战时代社会主义国家之间关系的一种特别现象。本文以大量中国地方档案和俄国解密档案及当事人回忆为依据 ,讨论了 2 0世纪 5 0年代在华苏联专家的基本状况。作者认为 ,1 0年之间约 2万名苏联专家来华 ,完全是中国巩固政权和发展经济的要求 ;中苏双方对短时间内大量专家来华都缺乏必要的准备和严格的管理 ;1 95 4— 1 95 6年是专家来华的高潮 ,受波兰事件影响 ,从 1 95 7年双方加强对专家来华的控制 ;1 95 7— 1 96 0年中国实行少而精的原则 ,特别要求增加国防新技术专家 ,但中苏关系恶化导致专家工作停顿。苏联派往中国的专家人数最多 ,时间最长 ,加强这一课题的研究 ,对探讨社会主义国家关系特点 ,分析中苏同盟破裂的原因 ,以及思考中国走向现代化的发展道路具有特别意义。
[Abstract]:Sending a large number of experts and advisers abroad is a special phenomenon in the relations between socialist countries during the Cold War era. This article is based on a large number of Chinese local archives and Russian declassified archives and the memories of the parties concerned. This paper discusses the basic situation of Soviet experts in China in the 1950s. The author thinks that about 20,000 Soviet experts come to China during the last 10 years, which is the demand for China to consolidate political power and develop economy. The lack of necessary preparation and strict management of a large number of experts coming to China in a short period of time between China and the Soviet Union was the climax of the experts' coming to China, which was affected by the Polish incident. Since 1957, when the two sides strengthened their control over experts' coming to China, China has implemented the principle of fewer and more refined experts from 1995 to 1990, and in particular has called for the addition of experts in new technologies for national defense. However, the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations has brought the work of experts to a standstill. The Soviet Union sent the largest number of experts to China for the longest time. To strengthen the study of this subject, to discuss the characteristics of socialist relations and to analyze the reasons for the break-up of the Sino-Soviet alliance, And thinking about China's way to modernization has special significance.
【作者单位】：东方历史学会
【分类号】：K207

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