孺慕之孝:上古中国礼俗中的“亲前不称老”与代际交替

发布时间：2018-03-15 16:58

本文选题：礼俗　切入点：不称老　出处：《孔子研究》2015年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：上古中国礼俗中,为人子者于双亲秉持一种别样的孺慕之孝。双亲在世,孝子终父母一生是"永远的幼儿",在言语、衣着与行为上,均存留"年幼"时的痕迹,以反衬父母未曾衰老而眉寿永久;双亲逝后,在哭仪、称谓上又效仿婴儿态,追慕父母永逝而沉痛难再。孝子丧亲如"婴儿失母",不言或少言以行"三年之丧",实质是在模拟或重现"子生三年"的情况。古人对孝的推扬,有意无意地走上了"返老还童"之路。亲逝后,为人子者还必须面对代际交替问题。殡礼是三年丧内,父子权力交替的关键礼仪。孝子脱髦以及婴啼,均发生在殡礼前后。父子间代际交替的完成,与血脉相连象征的最后解脱,几乎同时完成。可以说,殡礼是礼制上孝子"长大成人"、完成代际交替的最重要一步。
[Abstract]:In ancient Chinese rituals and customs, the son of man held a different form of filial piety to his parents. Both parents were alive, and filial piety was a "forever child" all their lives, leaving traces of "childhood" in words, clothing, and behavior. When the parents die, they follow the baby's example in the form of crying instruments and appellations. It is hard to yearn for parents to die forever. Filial bereavement, such as the loss of a baby's mother, is in fact a simulation or reappearance of the situation of "three years of child birth". The ancients' promotion of filial piety is in fact a simulation or reproduction of the situation of "three years of filial piety," if one does not say or says little about "three years of mourning." Intentionally or unintentionally, he has embarked on the road of "returning to his old age and becoming a child". After his death, he has to face the problem of intergenerational alternation. The funeral ceremony is the key etiquette for three years of bereavement and the alternation of power between father and son. All happened before and after the funeral ceremony. The completion of the intergenerational alternation between father and son, the final liberation from the symbol of blood connection, was almost completed at the same time. It can be said that the funeral ceremony is the most important step of filial piety "growing up as an adult" and completing the intergenerational alternation.
【作者单位】：泰山学院历史与社会发展学院;
【分类号】：K892.9

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