宗族史在“二十五史”中的表现形式与内容——忽视民众史是“正史”的遗憾

发布时间：2018-03-22 03:08

本文选题：二十五史　切入点：宗族活动　出处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2008年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：如果在"二十五史"中寻觅宗族史的资料,按其事类性质,应当在纪、传、志、表体的"志"体之内,然遍查正史,没有"宗族志",只有偶见的、类似的"官氏志"及似是而非的"部族"。这并不能令人怀疑正史没有宗族史史料,因为它包含在各种体裁里,尤其在下列诸体中:"志"体中的"礼志"、"乐志"、"职官志"、"刑法志"、"选举志"、"艺文志"等;独立政权主人、世袭贵族的"载记";"列传"中的"宗室传"、"皇子传"、"后妃传"、"公主传"、"孝义传"以及列传传主的宗人附传;"表"中的"宗室世系表"、"宰相世系表"、"诸侯王表"、"外戚恩泽侯表"等。此外,在"本纪"亦记叙有关宗族的重大政策。所以正史中宗族史的资料是颇有一些的。由于古代是等级社会,宗族也具有等级性,正史对最高等级的皇族在志传表中记载得颇为详细,对社会上层的宗族也有少量的关注,而对庶民宗族活动漠然视之———几乎失载。这样的状况,由正史的性质所决定:它本来就是帝王之史,不写民众不足为怪。只是作为后世治史者,认为正史不涉猎民间宗族史,不无遗憾。
[Abstract]:If we look for the data of clan history in "25 History," according to the nature of the matter, we should look up the official history within the "Zhi" style of Ji, Zhuan, Zhi, and Shi Shi, and there are no "clan records", but only occasional ones. Similar "officialdom" and specious "tribes". This does not call into question that there are no clan historical materials in official history, because it is contained in various genres, In particular, in the following styles: "Li Zhi", "Le Zhi", "official Records", "Journal of Criminal Law", "Journal of elections", "Journal of Arts", etc.; masters of independent regimes, The records of the hereditary aristocrats; the family biography of the hereditary aristocrat; the royal family biography, the royal biography, the imperial concubine biography, the princess biography, the filial piety biography, as well as the ancestral biography of the master; the "clan lineage table", "the prime minister lineage table", the "princes table" in "the table", "the princes table", "the princes table", "the princes table", "the clan family table" in "the table", "the family table of the prime minister", "the princes table", Qi Enze, Hou Pao, et al. In addition, The important policies concerning the clan are also described in the "Ben Ji". Therefore, there is quite a bit of information on the history of the clan in the official history. Since ancient times were a hierarchical society, the clan also had a hierarchical character. The official history records in great detail the highest levels of the royal family in the chronological table, and pays little attention to the upper clans of society, while indifferent to the activities of the common clans. Decided by the nature of the official history: it is the history of emperors, it is not surprising not to write about the people, but as a historian of later generations, it is not without regret that the official history does not dabble in the history of folk clans.
【作者单位】：南开大学中国社会史研究中心暨历史学院;
【分类号】：K207

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