楚国人才交流与人才制度

发布时间：2018-03-25 03:37

本文选题：楚国　切入点：人才交流　出处：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：国以才立,业以才兴,自古人们对于人才的宝贵价值就不缺乏深刻的认识。周朝以“礼”为人才价值观,严格遵循“亲亲”、“尊尊”的宗法制度规范,人才选拔主要是局限于贵族阶层相对封闭的范围内,即“世卿世禄”制。春秋战国时期,随着政治、经济、文化思想以及交通的变化,人才制度逐渐打破了世族和地域界限,为人才的自由流动创造了有利条件,从而促进了各诸侯国之间地人才流动与交流。楚国从“熊绎当周成王之时,举文、武劳之后嗣,而封熊绎于楚蛮,封之以子男之田,姓芈氏,居丹阳”,直到“秦将王翦、蒙武遂破楚国,虏楚王负刍,灭楚为郡云”,历经八百余年。在这期间,楚国的用人有着其特定的标准与原则,这与时代背景是密不可分的。楚国的人才引进政策大致可分为两个时期,即春秋和战国。春秋时期楚国的外来人才大致可分为逃难贵族、自荐入楚、应招入楚以及其他目的入楚。楚君对这些外来人才以赏爵或者赐土地来挽留,但是这个时期的楚国更像是其他诸侯国逃难贵族的避难所；而到了战国时期,楚君更多的是自觉的引进人才,打破“昭旧贵,爱亲戚”的人才标准,大胆举用外来人才,为楚国的强盛做出了巨大贡献；由于楚国的宗法观念比较单薄,加上楚国贵族势力过于强盛,长期以来把持朝政,楚国绝大多数的官职都是出自贵族或者公族,他们对宗族外的人才通过政治手段、军事流血冲突进行排斥,从而造成了大量人才的外流与浪费,所带来的损失是无可计量的,其他诸侯国利用“楚人言楚事”的有利条件,给楚国致命打击。同时,以人为载体,楚国的文化通过楚国人才的外流扩大了传播范围。楚国的人才选拔制度,人才奖惩与任用制度都与自身的历史特点以及特定的时代有着密切的关系。秦楚两国在春秋战国时期留下了浓重的一笔,二者早期既有许多共性,又有着众多的个性,这些对立统一的矛盾性让秦楚两国的政治特别是人才政策有着明显的差异。人才选拔标准,人才奖惩原则,变法的结果都是共性与个性斗争的结果。楚为秦所灭,标志着一个时代的结束,但是并不能否定楚国为富国强兵所作出的制度变革与政策调整。两诸侯国文化传统的差异,内部矛盾的不同才是造成不同结局的最终原因。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, people have not lacked a profound understanding of the valuable value of talents. The Zhou Dynasty took "courtesy" as the value of talent and strictly followed the norms of patriarchal system of "kinship" and "respect". The selection of talents was mainly confined to the relatively closed range of the aristocrats, that is, the system of "Shi Qing Shi Lu". During the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period, with the changes of politics, economy, culture and transportation, the talent system gradually broke the boundaries of the clan and the region. It created favorable conditions for the free flow of talents, thus promoting the flow and exchange of talents among the various princes. From the time when Xiong Yi became king in the Zhou Dynasty, the State of Chu held the article, followed by Wu Lao, and sealed Xiong Yimen in Chu, and sealed it as a man's field. The surname Mii, Ju Danyang, "until" Qin Dynasty will Wang Jian, Meng Wu then broken Chu State, Krupp Chu Wang ruminant, kill Chu for county cloud ", after more than 800 years. During this period, Chu's personnel has its specific standards and principles. This is closely related to the background of the times. The talent introduction policy of Chu can be roughly divided into two periods, namely, the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period. Chu should be enlisted in Chu and other purposes. The King of Chu retained these foreign talents by rewarding them or giving them land. But Chu in this period was more like a refuge for other princes who fled to the nobles; and in the warring States period, Chu-jun is more conscious of the introduction of talent, breaking the talent standards of "Zhao old noble, love relatives", boldly using foreign talent, to make a great contribution to the prosperity of Chu; because Chu's patriarchal concept is relatively weak, In addition, the aristocrats of the State of Chu are too powerful and hold government power for a long time. The vast majority of the official posts of the State of Chu come from the aristocrats or the public clan. They reject the talented people outside the clan through political means and military bloody conflicts. As a result, the outflow and wastage of a large number of talents were caused, and the losses brought about by them were incalculable. Other princes took advantage of the favorable conditions of "Chu people to talk about things" to deal a fatal blow to the State of Chu. At the same time, they took human beings as their carriers. The culture of the State of Chu has expanded the scope of transmission through the outflow of talents from the State of Chu, and the selection system of talents in the State of Chu, The reward, punishment and appointment of talents are closely related to their own historical characteristics and specific times. Qin and Chu left a heavy stroke in the period of Spring and Autumn and warring States, both of which had many similarities and many individuality in the early stage. These contradictions of unity of opposites make the politics of the two countries, especially the talent policy, have obvious differences. The criteria of talent selection, the principle of talent reward and punishment, and the result of reform are all the results of the struggle between commonality and individuality. Chu was destroyed by Qin. It marks the end of an era, but it can not deny the system reform and policy adjustment made by the Chu state for the rich nation and the strong soldiers. The difference of cultural tradition and internal contradiction between the two kingdoms is the ultimate cause of the different endings.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K225

【相似文献】