跪拜礼及其在汉代的应用

发布时间：2018-03-28 11:26

本文选题：跪坐　切入点：跪拜　出处：《史学集刊》2017年06期

【摘要】：先秦至秦汉时期,单纯的跪在多数情况下不是礼仪行为,而是日常生活中的肢体动作。当跪与其他肢体动作组合所形成的动作才具有礼仪性质,即为跪拜礼。跪拜礼之"跪"已经完全没有"坐"的意义,不是人们为休息身体而采取的一种姿势,而是表现人们之间的特定关系,表达特定情感的一种体态。先秦时期只有顿首比较多见,九拜之礼真正形成系统是在汉代。秦朝的官僚机器只有强制性的行政制度,而缺少官场礼仪的润滑剂。而两汉的官僚制度与官场礼仪的结合,使各级官员在行政时,明确了自己的职责,意识到自己在整个国家机器中的位置,而敬上意识的加强,又使整个官僚机器上下关系更加顺畅。跪拜之礼在培养官僚敬上、位置、职责等意识方面的作用,姑谓之"以礼养官",此可谓是一条成功的政治经验。
[Abstract]:From pre-Qin to Qin and Han dynasties, simple kneeling was not ceremonial behavior in most cases, but physical movement in daily life. That is, kneeling. The kneeling has no meaning of "sitting" at all. It is not a pose that people take to rest their bodies, but rather a specific relationship between them. A form of expression of a particular emotion. In the pre-Qin period, it was only immediately more common that the ritual of nine worshippers really formed a system in the Han Dynasty. The bureaucratic machinery of the Qin Dynasty had only a mandatory administrative system. However, the lack of lubricant of official etiquette. The combination of bureaucratic system and official etiquette in the Han Dynasty made officials at all levels clear their duties, realized their position in the whole state machine, and strengthened their sense of respect. It also makes the relationship between the whole bureaucratic machine more smooth. The function of kneeling worship in cultivating the consciousness of bureaucrat's respect, position, duty and so on, is a successful political experience.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院历史研究所;
【基金】：2012年度国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“中国礼制变迁及其现代价值研究”(12&ZD134)
【分类号】：K892.9

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