豫州与东晋南朝政治

发布时间：2018-04-06 05:33

本文选题：豫州　切入点：东晋南朝　出处：《上海师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在中国延续两千余年的传统社会中,中央与地方有着千丝万缕的关系。豫州作为东晋南朝重要方镇之一,因处于中间地带,疆域随着南北形势的变化而变化,并在刘宋时达到极盛,之后逐步为北方所蚕食。六朝时期,豫州因处于南北交争地带,战事频发,因此东晋南朝在其境内设有多处军事重镇。其中以寿阳、马头、邾城、历阳、合肥为要,而寿阳又居于中心位置。豫州与东晋门阀士族也存在密切联系,其中尤以庾氏、谢氏、桓氏为代表。庾亮因在苏峻之乱中处置失当,被迫出镇豫州,以豫州刺史屯驻芜湖,就近控制朝政,以与王导相持。庾亮死后,其弟庾翼、庾怿相继任刺史,牢牢掌控豫州,但都在任不久而逝,庾氏势力告一段落。直至东晋末年庾准、庾楷利用士族之间的斗争再次出镇豫州,庾氏势力短暂重振。穆帝永和二年,谢尚首次出任豫州刺史,其后兄弟相继,长期掌控豫州,并在桓温与朝廷的对抗过程中培养了自己的力量,取得举足轻重的地位,使谢氏成长为当时最有实力的几个家族之一。桓氏自桓温始就企图将谢尚逐出豫州,以期更得心应手的影响朝政。虽然在谢万被废黜后,桓氏势力得以渗入豫州,但始终仍未能实现对豫州牢固控制。东晋南朝立国江南,国力较弱,长期处于守势。长江虽称天堑,但绵延数千里,其间可渡之处甚多。东晋南朝兵力有限,只能据守几处枢要之地,不可能沿江处处设防。因而东晋南朝采用的防守战略是将防线尽量北移,利用黄河、淮河等天然水道构筑屏障阻挡北敌。即所谓守江先守淮战略。如此,处于淮河流域的豫州对南北政权而言都十分重要,双方多次在此展开攻防战,其中最具代表的就是淝水之战。正是由于豫州所处的特殊位置,它也成为东晋南朝北伐的前沿基地,如庾氏、褚裒、殷浩、桓温等的北伐。宗室出镇自曹魏始,两晋继之,南朝仍大规模实行。东晋南朝特别是刘宋和萧齐时,有大量的宗室子弟出镇豫州。其中一些人在诸如对北防御、地方建设等方面都发挥了积极的作用。南朝时期出镇豫州的宗室子弟,年幼者约占七成,这与南朝多以年幼宗室子弟出镇的特点亦是相吻合的。豫州在东晋南朝特定的历史条件下有其特定的作用,对于维护政权稳固以及中央与地方势力的均衡都起了不可或缺的作用。
[Abstract]:In the traditional society of China for more than two thousand years, the central government and the local government have inextricably relations.As one of the important square towns in the Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties, the territory of Yuzhou changed with the change of the situation in the north and south, and reached its peak in the time of Liu and Song, and then gradually encroached on by the north.During the six dynasties, Yuzhou had many military towns in its territory because of the conflict between the north and the south and the frequent war.Among them, Shouyang, Matou, Gaocheng, Liyang, Hefei as the main, and Shouyang occupies the central position.Yuzhou also has close relations with the gentry of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, especially Yu, Xie and Huan.Yu Liang was mishandled in Su Jun's chaos, forced to leave the town of Yuzhou, and stationed in Wuhu with Yuzhou's thorn history.Yu Liang died, his younger brother Yu Yi, Yu Yi one after another, firmly in charge of Yuzhou, but soon after the death of Yu, Yu's influence has come to an end.Until the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Yu Quan, Yu-Kai used the struggle between the family again out of the town of Yuzhou, Yu's power was briefly revitalized.In the second year of Yonghe Mudi, Sheikhamp became the first man in the history of the thorns of Yuzhou. After that, his brothers took charge of Yuzhou for a long time, and cultivated their own strength in the process of confrontation between Huanwen and the court, and gained a pivotal position.Xie grew into one of the most powerful families of the time.Huan had been trying to drive Xie Shang out of Yuzhou since Huanwen, in order to influence the government more easily.Although after Xie Wan was deposed, Huan's forces infiltrated Yuzhou, but still failed to achieve firm control over Yuzhou.Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties founded the Jiangnan, weak national strength, long-standing on the defensive.Although the Yangtze River is called a natural cut, it stretches for thousands of miles, and there are many places to cross it.The Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties had limited forces and could only defend the river in a few important places.Therefore, the defense strategy adopted in the Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties was to move the defense lines northward as far as possible, and to build barriers by using natural waterways such as the Yellow River and the Huaihe River to block the northern enemy.That is to say, the strategy of guarding the river and the Huaihe River first.Therefore, Yuzhou, located in the Huaihe River basin, is very important to the regime of the North and the South, and both sides have launched offensive and defensive wars here many times, the most representative of which is the Battle of Feishui.It was precisely because of the special position of Yuzhou that it became the frontier base of the Northern Expedition in the Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties, such as the Northern Expedition of Yu, Chu, Yin Hao and Huanwen.The imperial clan came out of the town from the beginning of the Cao Wei Dynasty, followed by the two Jin dynasties, and the Southern Dynasty was still implemented on a large scale.Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties, especially Liu Song and Xiao Qi, there were a large number of clan children out of the town of Yuzhou.Some of them have played an active role in areas such as north defense and local construction.In the Southern Dynasty, about 70% of the children of Yuzhou were young, which coincided with the characteristics of the young children in the Southern Dynasty.Yuzhou played a special role in the specific historical conditions of the Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties and played an indispensable role in maintaining the stability of political power and the balance between central and local forces.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K239.1

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