殷海光文化观研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 17:26

本文选题：殷海光　切入点：文化观　出处：《湖南大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：在中国近代社会转型过程中,对于文化的争论一直是知识分子关注的焦点所在。在五四时期,反对传统文化,全盘西化成为当时自由主义者的鲜明旗帜。然而,伴随着自由主义在中国遭遇挫折,自由主义者终于逐渐认识到中国文化的创新必须突破传统与现代、中国与西方的二元对立思维模式,而寻找一条融合与共生的发展道路。在这条道路的探索过程中,殷海光的一生对于传统文化的态度及其立场的转变,极具典型性。作为“五四之子”(或曰：“五四后期人物”),殷先生以继承五四新文化为志业,高举“民主”与“科学”的旗帜,探索自由主义思想在中国社会的生存与发展之路。殷海光早年对于传统文化的反叛倾向,根源于其独特的个性以及早期家庭乃至教育背景的影响。同时,中国近代以来长期的落后面貌以及当时内忧外患的特殊国情,进一步刺激了他对传统文化的厌恶。在继承胡适以来的中国自由主义对文化的反传统立场之外,殷海光通过逻辑经验论获得了方法论武器,使得对传统文化的批判看似获得了“理性的外壳”。故而,殷海光对传统文化的态度之中存在着“情感”与“理性”的张力。事实上,尽管殷海光能够通过逻辑经验论对传统文化的批评理论建构得非常精致,由于秉持对传统文化的排斥心理,必然导致其对传统文化陷入一种简单化、片面化的认知误区。然而,殷海光文化观转变的意义远远超过他本人对待传统文化有限认知的意义。这一方面体现了一个自由主义知识分子对于真理的执着追求,另一方面表明中国自由主义在发展过程中逐渐认识到,一种文化如果要在新的环境之下获得生长与发展,必须谋求与本土文化寻找理论的接榫点。在思想的求索之途上,殷海光逐渐从评介西方自由主义思想转向对自由主义如何中国化进行学理上的探究；从批判传统文化的弊端转向反思其合理价值,搭建自由主义与传统文化进行沟通和对话的平台。研究殷海光晚年文化观转进有两本著作值得注意,一本书是殷海光生平唯一一本讨论文化问题的专著——《中国文化的展望》：另一本则是由殷海光的学生陈鼓应编撰的《春蚕吐丝——殷海光最后的话语》。前者比较系统地呈现了殷海光对待传统文化的基本立场与态度,勾勒了中国文化未来的发展方向。该书并非从文化学角度出发的研究型著作,更像是中国自由主义的“文化宣言”。后者则完整地呈现了殷海光文化观之所以出现转进的心路历程,并且还保存了殷海光晚年对于文化问题的一些成熟的见解。当然,殷海光文化观的研究文本并不仅仅局限于这二者,他在各个时期所发表的社论、随笔等文章,为本课题的研究提供了丰富而翔实的资料。应该说,殷海光对中国文化问题的探究是中国自由主义发展谱系中承前启后的一个重要环节。殷海光超越了胡适等五四知识分子对传统文化采取的“一元论”的思想模式。在他之后,其后学如林毓生、张灏、韦政通等自由主义知识分子继续殷氏未竟的事业,对如何实现传统文化的现代转型提出了各式各样的理论设计。他们对传统文化的肯定与认同,比殷海光更向前推进了一步。与以新儒家为代表的保守主义文化立场相比较,自由主义与新儒家两者的文化思潮呈现出从早期对垒,逐步走向后期融合的发展态势。以殷海光为代表的中国自由主义者文化观的转变,象征着“五四”思维模式的趋渐结束,预示着围绕中西文化论争的古、今、中、外的认知模式的终结,突破了早期西化派将现代化等同于西方化的历史局限,昭示了中国自由主义者以平等而客观的理性态度看待传统文化的前景。透过对殷海光的文化观及其演变的观察思考,可以发现传统文化的现代转型并非传统与现代、东方与西方文化的简单嫁接问题,而是如何立足中国社会的特殊国情,在寻找传统文化与现代文化、东方文化与西方文化相生相长的接榫点。于此,一方面可以摆脱传统文化中不适应现代社会的一面,另一方面则可以克服西方文化所伴随的现代性危机问题。故而,在理性地反思传统文化的同时,如何实现中国传统文化的“创造性转化”,不仅仅是关系中国文化未来的发展前途问题,也是自由主义文化能够在中国的文化与思想土壤中生根发芽必须面对的理论课题。
[Abstract]:In the process of China transformation of modern society, the culture has been the focus of attention of the intellectuals debate lies. In the 54 period, against the traditional culture, westernization has become a distinctive flag was liberal. However, with liberal setbacks in China, liberals finally come to realize Chinese culture must break through innovation the traditional and modern two dualistic thinking mode and Western China, while looking for a fusion and symbiosis development. In the process of exploration of this road, the life of Yin Haiguang shift in attitude and position of traditional culture, is very typical. As the "54 child" (read: "late 54 figure"), Mr. Yin to inherit 54 new cultural background, hold high the banner of "democracy" and "science" banner, explore liberalism in Chinese social survival and development road.
Yin Haiguang early in the traditional culture of rebellious tendency, rooted in its unique individuality and the effect of early family and educational background. At the same time, Chinese since modern long-term backwardness and special conditions at the time of further stimulating domestic trouble and foreign invasion, his distaste for traditional culture. In succession since Hu Shi China liberal anti tradition standpoint of culture besides, Yin Haiguang through the logical empiricism methodology obtained weapons, makes criticism of traditional culture seemingly won the "rational housing". Therefore, the existence of "emotion" and "reason" the tension Yin Haiguang attitude to the traditional culture of. In fact, although Yin Haiguang through the logical empiricism of traditional culture criticism theory very delicate, due to uphold the exclusion of the traditional culture, will inevitably lead to the traditional culture into a simple, one-sided Cognitive misunderstandings.
However, the significance of the transformation of Yin Haiguang's cultural view is far more than his treatment of the traditional culture of limited cognitive significance. On the one hand reflects a liberal intellectual pursuit for truth, on the other hand that Chinese liberalism to gradually realize in the development process, a kind of culture if you want to obtain the growth and development under the new for the environment, seeking theoretical contact points and the local culture. In the ideological pursuit must be on the way, Yin Haiguang gradually shifted from a Western liberal thought of liberalism to China of the studying theory; from the drawbacks of the traditional culture to reflect the reasonable value of communication and dialogue between liberalism and traditional building the culture of the platform.
Yin Haiguang's view of culture turn into a two book note, a Book of Yin Haiguang's life is only a discussion of cultural issues -- < > China monograph outlook of culture: the other book by Yin Haiguang's student Chen Guying compiled "silk Yin Haiguang's last words. The former systematically presents the basic the position of Yin Haiguang towards the traditional culture and attitude, outlines the future direction of development of the China culture. The book is not from the cultural perspective of the research work, is more like China liberalism" cultural declaration ". The latter fully presents the cultural view of Yin Haiguang is turned into the journey, and also save Yin Haiguang for some late mature insight into cultural issues. Of course, study the text of Yin Haiguang's cultural theory is not confined to the two, he delivered in each period Editorials, essays and other articles provide rich and detailed information for the study of this subject.
It should be said that Yin Haiguang to explore the China cultural issues is an important link between the development of liberalism Chinese lineage. Yin Haiguang surpassed Hu Shi as the 54 intellectuals take on the traditional culture of "monism" thinking mode. After him, the school such as Lin Yu, Zhang Hao, Wei Zhengtong liberal intellectuals to Yin etc. What's the cause, puts forward the theoretical design of every kind of how to realize the modern transformation of traditional culture to the traditional culture. They agree with Yin Haiguang, more than a step forward. Compared with the new Confucian cultural conservatism position, both liberalism and Neo Confucian culture emerged from the early and late fusion development trend gradually. With Yin Haiguang as the representative of the China liberal culture concept, a symbol of the "54" mode of thinking The getting over, indicates that the ancient Chinese and Western culture debate around, today, in the end the cognitive model, breaking the early Westernization faction will equal to the west of the modern historical limitations, that Chinese liberals with equal and rational attitude and objective view of traditional culture in the future.
Through the observation and thinking of Yin Haiguang's view of culture and its evolution, can be found in the modern transformation of traditional and modern traditional culture is not the simple problem of grafting of eastern and Western cultures, but based on the special situation of Chinese society, looking for the traditional culture and modern culture, Oriental culture and Western culture xiangshengxiangchang contact points. In this. One can get rid of the traditional culture to a modern society, on the other hand can overcome the crisis of modernity problem with western culture. Therefore, the rational reflection of traditional culture and traditional culture, how to realize the Chinese "creative transformation", not only is the future development of the relationship between culture China future problems, but also liberal culture and ideological culture can take root in the soil in the Chinese theory subject must face.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B26;K26

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