清代宗族祭礼中反映的宗族制特点

发布时间：2018-04-10 12:42

本文选题：宗族 + 祭礼　；参考：《历史教学(高校版)》2009年04期

【摘要】：清代民间宗族祭礼富有特色,反映宗族制的一些特点:祭礼发生重大变异,导致宗族规模扩大:祭祀始迁祖,突破朝廷只祭高曾祖祢四代的限制,从而宗族成员大大超出服制范围,规模变大,成为社区重要群体。祭礼变化体现出传统宗法主流观念的改变。配享实行论德爵功的"三论"原则,启用具有绅衿身份的成员主持祭礼,饮胙礼优待绅衿,均与传统大宗法宗子制原则相冲突,然而有身份者主祭,又与世爵世禄制祭礼精神吻合,合于时宜。宗族具有等级性,各宗族追求进入官绅宗族阶层。朝廷区分皇族、贵族、品官、庶士和庶人的不同祭礼,可视为宗族社会政治身份的界标,显示宗族被区划为从皇族到庶民的六个等级。宗族有身份之别,民间宗族追求为大族、望族,实质是希望由庶民宗族晋升为品官、庶士宗族,提高其社会地位。
[Abstract]:The ritual of the folk clan in the Qing Dynasty is full of characteristics, which reflects some characteristics of the clan system: the great variation of the ritual, which leads to the expansion of the clan scale: sacrificing the ancestors before moving their ancestors, breaking through the restrictions of the imperial court that only worshipping Gao Zengzu of your four generations,As a result, clan members greatly beyond the scope of the service system, the scale of the community became an important group.The change of ritual reflects the change of mainstream idea of traditional patriarchal clan.The principle of "three theories", the use of members with the status of the gentry to officiate the sacrifice, and the preferential treatment of the gentry and the Jin were all in conflict with the principle of the traditional legal clan system, but those who had the status were subject to sacrifice.And with the spirit of the world viscera, the spirit of sacrifice, in line with the times.Clans have hierarchical nature, each clan pursues to enter the official gentry clan stratum.The different sacrificial rites of the imperial family, the aristocrat, the princes, the common people and the common people can be regarded as the boundary markers of the social and political identity of the clan, indicating that the clan is divided into six levels from the royal family to the common people.The clan has the identity, the folk clan pursues as the big clan, the high clan, in essence, is hoped from the common clan promotion to the article official, the common person clan, enhances its social status.
【作者单位】：南开大学历史学院;
【分类号】：K892.98

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