西瓜传入我国的时间、来源和途径考

发布时间：2018-04-20 10:32

本文选题：西瓜 + 回纥　；参考：《南京师大学报(社会科学版)》2017年04期

【摘要】：我国早期鲜食之瓜是薄皮甜瓜,中古所说寒瓜是冬瓜,唐以前没有任何西瓜种植和食用的迹象,西瓜应是外来物种,因来自西域而得名。西瓜传入我国始于五代,史载天赞三年(924)辽太祖"破回纥得此种"。辽太祖西征不可能远达北疆浮图城,"破回纥"指其进入蒙古鄂尔浑河上游漠北回纥故都。我国新疆乃至整个西北地区干旱缺水,人居稀少,一直未见有盛产西瓜的记载。漠北回纥鼎盛时奉摩尼为国教,摩尼教崇尚瓜类食物,西瓜应由摩尼传教士从中亚直接带到这里。契丹人由此引入西瓜,在辽上京一带传种,后为南宋与金人引种南下江南、河南、淮南等地,渐成蔓延之势。湖北恩施南宋西瓜碑称雍熙四年(1240)"北游"带来回回瓜,有可能是宋人出使蒙古所为,也应得自回纥故都一带。
[Abstract]:The early fresh melon in our country was muskmelon with thin skin. In the middle times, the cold melon was called winter melon. Before the Tang Dynasty, there was no sign of watermelon planting and eating. Watermelon should be an alien species, named for its origin from the Western region. The introduction of watermelon into China began in the five dynasties, Shi Zaitianzan three years to 924) Liao Taizu "broken Huihe get this kind." Liao Taizu expedition to the west could not reach the north of Futucheng, "Break-Huihe" refers to its entry into the upper reaches of Mongolia Orhun River desert Huihe Huihe. Xinjiang and even the whole northwest of China are short of water and human settlements are rare, there has been no record of watermelon production. In the heyday of Huihe, Manichaeism worshipped gourd food, and watermelon should be brought here directly from Central Asia by Mani missionaries. From this the Qidan people introduced watermelon into the area of Liaoshangjing and then introduced the Southern Song Dynasty and Jin people to the south of the Yangtze River Henan Huainan and other places which gradually became the spreading trend. Hubei Enshi Southern Song Watermelon Stele said Yongxi four years "North Tour" to bring back melon, it may be the Song Dynasty sent to Mongolia, also deserve from Huihe Huihe area.
【作者单位】：南京师范大学文学院;
【分类号】：K207;S651

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