宋代乡约组织社会职能研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 10:09

本文选题：宋代 + 乡约组织　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：宋代乡约组织是乡村士大夫缙绅阶层提倡、制定并付诸实施的,以儒家思想为指导、以士大夫礼仪标准为尺度,企图达到“敦教化,美风俗”的作用,目的是为了探索出更加适合宋代乡村社会发展的自治化组织。宋神宗熙宁九年(1076年)诞生了中国历史上第一个文本式乡约——《吕氏乡约》。它是由关中蓝田吕氏兄弟共同制定,最终在吕大钧坚持下致力实施,由此而诞生了宋代最早的乡约组织。至此,乡约组织在两宋社会中生根发芽,在整个乡村社会行政管理体制中发挥着举足轻重的作用。长期以来,学术界对宋代乡约组织虽有研究,但基本上都集中于乡约文本内容方面,而对乡约组织在乡村社会行政管理体制中作用研究较为薄弱。本文试图以乡约组织的职能为中心,探讨乡约组织在乡村社会职能运转中产生的错综关系,希望为进一步研究宋代乡村社会复杂的行政管理体制提供些许帮助。全文分五部分,具体内容如下：第一部分主要阐述本论题选题缘由与研究意义,并对相关的国内外学术研究状况进行了概括性回顾,在此基础上对文中所涉及的相关概念进行了界定。第二部分主要介绍了宋代乡约组织的基本概况。首先,文章着重分析了宋代乡约产生时所面临人文和社会环境的错综复杂性；其次,系统考察了两宋时期乡约组织产生、发展及演变概况。笔者认为,乡约组织在两宋这段历史时期,经历了诸多波折,直到赵宋王朝覆灭也未获得合法身份。但是,到南宋时,伴随着朱熹对《吕氏乡约》的增损,以朱门弟子为代表的乡村士大夫对乡约组织的实施付出极大的热情,最终收到一定成效。最后,对两宋时期影响最大的两大乡约——《吕氏乡约》和增损《吕氏乡约》进行比较和分析,从而总结出南北宋乡约组织的异同。第三部分重点分析宋代乡约组织在乡村社会职能运转中的错综关系。这部分内容首先以乡村社会三大典型性组织——保甲、宗族和书院为中心,分别探讨它们与乡约组织之间的复杂关系。笔者认为这些组织与乡约组织之间基本上呈现出一种和谐状态,共同维系着乡村社会发展。其次,文章又着重探讨了宋代乡约组织与乡村社会“精英群体”之间的关系。文中将乡村社会“精英群体”分为“体制内精英群体”和“体制外精英群体”分别讨论,认为这两大群体的构成复杂,对乡约组织的态度迥异。但是,究其根本都是以自身所代表的阶级利益为出发点。总之,乡村社会管理体制的多样性决定了乡约组织在乡村社会职能运转的复杂性。第四部分主要分析宋代乡约组织在乡村社会的职能。首先,重点探讨了宋代乡约组织在教化、救济、司法干预和维稳等四大方面的职能和作用；其次,分别对四大职能措施的表现进行论述；最后,笔者尽量以客观地态度对其进行评析,以期得出较为公允的结论。通过这一部分的论述,主要希望以此来了解宋代乡约组织在乡村社会行政管理体制中的具体职能措施。最后一部分主要是对全文的总结。乡约作为一种新型组织登上宋代乡村社会历史舞台,在乡村社会职能运转中发挥着举足轻重的作用。本文重点分析了宋代乡约组织的职能措施以及职能运转中产生的错综复杂关系,指出乡约组织通过教化、救济、司法干预和维稳等四大职能在乡村社会管理方面发挥着重要作用,与乡村社会其它组织呈现出一种和谐状态,共同维护着乡村社会的有序运行。因此,深入挖掘乡约组织职能运转中产生的错综关系,对于我们进一步了解宋代乡村社会管理体制具有重要价值。
[Abstract]:The local organization of the Song Dynasty was advocated by the rural scholar officials and the gentry, formulated and put into practice. Guided by the Confucianism and the standard of officialdom etiquette as the yardstick, it tried to achieve the role of "the moralization and the American custom". The purpose was to explore an autonomous organization which was more suitable for the social development of the Song Dynasty. The birth of Song Shenzong Xinning was nine years (1076). The first text type rural contract in Chinese history - < Lu's rural contract >. It was formulated by the Luke brothers of Lantian in Guanzhong, which was finally carried out by Lv Dajun. Thus, the earliest local organization of the Song Dynasty was born. At this point, the local organization took root in the two song society and played a role in the whole rural social administration system. An important role.
For a long time, although the academic circles have studied the local organizations in the Song Dynasty, they are basically concentrated on the text content of the rural contract, and the research on the role of the rural contract organization in the rural social administration system is relatively weak. This article tries to take the function of the rural contract as the center to explore the intricate relationship in the function operation of the rural social organization in the rural society. I hope to provide some help for the further study of the complex administrative system of the rural society in Song Dynasty.
The full text is divided into five parts, and the specific contents are as follows:
The first part mainly expounds the origin and significance of the topic selection, and gives a general review of the relevant domestic and international academic research. On this basis, it defines the related concepts involved in the paper.
The second part mainly introduces the basic situation of the local organization of the Song Dynasty. First, the article focuses on the analysis of the complex complexity of the humanities and social environment in the Song Dynasty, and secondly, systematically inspects the development and evolution of the local organization in the period of the two Song Dynasty. The author thinks that the local organization has experienced the historical period in the period of the two Song Dynasty. There were many twists and turns until the destruction of the dynasty of Zhao and Song dynasties. However, in the Southern Song Dynasty, with the increase of Zhu Xi's increase in the Lu's rural contract, the rural scholar officials, represented by the disciples of Jushen, paid great enthusiasm for the implementation of the local organization, and finally received certain results. Finally, the two largest rural covenant, which had the greatest influence in the two Song period, < Lu's' The comparison and analysis of the township agreement and the increase of Lu's Village Agreement summed up the similarities and differences between the northern and Southern Song villages.
The third part focuses on the analysis of the comprehensive relationship between the rural social organization in the Song Dynasty and the function of the rural social functions. This part, firstly, discusses the complex relations between them and the local organizations, with the three typical organizations of the rural society, which are the big and typical organizations of the rural society. Secondly, the article also focuses on the relationship between the rural society and the "elite group" in the Song Dynasty. The article divides the "elite group" in the rural society into "the elite group in the system" and "the elite group outside the system", and considers the composition of the two groups. It is very complex, and the attitude of the local organization is very different. However, it is fundamentally based on the class interests represented by itself as a starting point. In a word, the diversity of the rural social management system determines the complexity of the operation of the rural social organization in the rural society.
The fourth part mainly analyzes the functions and functions of the local organizations in the Song Dynasty in the rural society. First, it focuses on the functions and functions of the four aspects of the local organizations in the Song Dynasty in the aspects of education, relief, judicial intervention and stability. Secondly, the performance of the four major functional measures is discussed respectively. Finally, the author tries to evaluate it with an objective attitude. Through this part, we hope to understand the specific functional measures in the rural social administration system of the Song Dynasty.
The last part is mainly a summary of the full text. As a new type of organization, the rural contract plays an important role in the function operation of the rural social functions. This paper focuses on the analysis of the functional measures and the complicated relations in the function operation of the local organization of the Song Dynasty, and points out that the organization of the local contract has passed. The four functions, such as education, relief, judicial intervention and stability, play an important role in the rural social management, and present a harmonious state with the other organizations in the rural society, and jointly maintain the orderly operation of the rural society. Therefore, the thorough excavation of the relationship between the function and the function of the rural organization should be further understood in the Song Dynasty. The rural social management system is of great value.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K244

【参考文献】