中国古代专卖制度的演变与政府调控职能的转型——以盐专卖为中心的分析

发布时间：2018-05-26 09:09

本文选题：专卖制度 + 传统社会　；参考：《盐业史研究》2016年01期

【摘要】：以盐、铁、茶为代表的专卖制度集中体现了传统社会国家经济的特点。从农业、手工业与商业分工发展起来以家庭小农户生产为基础的传统社会在面对社会兼并、弃农经商及贫富分化差距过大和稳固农业基础地位等社会挑战中逐渐提出了包括专卖政策在内的涉及经济社会发展的调控政策。专卖制度的产生及其发展,是传统专制政府干预和调节经济社会的重大措施,是国家意志的集中体现,也是国家对社会经济干预、调节和充当大商人这两个重要角色的藕合。在两千多年的历史发展中,专卖制度一直在不断地调整之中,从直接专卖到间接专卖,从官府独利到官商共利,整个传统社会专卖制度的变化以及兴废就成为政府与市场力量博弈的焦点。尽管专卖制度也有严重影响商品经济发展以致国家经济社会发展的负面作用,但政府也通过控制高利暴利行业有效地增加了国家财政收入,增强国家国力,保证了国家安全。
[Abstract]:The monopoly system, represented by salt, iron and tea, embodies the characteristics of traditional national economy. From the agricultural, handicraft and commercial division of labor, the traditional society, which is based on the production of small family farmers, is facing social annexation. Among the social challenges, such as abandoning agriculture and doing business, the gap between the rich and the poor is too large and the basic position of agriculture is stabilized, the adjustment and control policies involving economic and social development, including monopoly policy, have been gradually put forward. The emergence and development of monopoly system is an important measure for the traditional autocratic government to intervene and regulate the economy and society. It is also a concentrated embodiment of the will of the state. It is also the coupling of the two important roles of the state in social and economic intervention, regulation and acting as a big businessman. In the course of more than two thousand years of historical development, the monopoly system has been constantly adjusting, from direct monopoly to indirect monopoly, from government independence to the common benefit of government and business. The change of monopoly system of the whole traditional society and the prosperity and abolishment become the focus of the game between government and market forces. Although monopoly system has a negative effect on the development of commodity economy and national economic and social development, the government has also effectively increased the national financial revenue, strengthened the national strength and ensured the national security by controlling the high-profit and profiteering industries.
【作者单位】：江西财经大学档案管理中心;江西财经大学生态文明与现代中国研究中心;
【分类号】：K207

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