康有为的孔教观与五四时期的反孔思潮

发布时间：2018-06-02 00:22

  本文选题：康有为 + 陈独秀　； 参考：《河北经贸大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：戊戌变法到五四时期,康有为的儒学思想发生了变化。主要分四个阶段:“援西入儒”、“以西化儒”、“儒西并尊”、“以儒维魂”。康有为一生都坚持尊儒的立场未变。流亡海外十几年的康有为对西方的认识更加深刻,归国后看到儒学式微,力倡保持中国传统文化,欲借鉴西方的宗教模式将孔教宗教化,以此来抵御西方的文化“入侵”。康有为不合时宜地推动“孔教宗教化”运动遭到了以陈独秀为代表的新派人的猛烈批判。陈独秀针从三个层面对康有为进行了反驳:首先,宗教层面,孔教不属于宗教;其次,政治层面,陈独秀坚持“孔教与帝制有不可离散之因缘”;最后,文化层面,中国的“三纲五常”与新文化时期宣扬的“民主”与“科学”的精神相悖。康有为与陈独秀争论的背后是二人文化观上的差异、儒学思想上的差异和全局观和局部观上的差异。本文以新文化运动时期康有为与陈独秀二人的争论为出发点,梳理并分析了康陈在新文化运动期间的是非得失。中外学者大多是对新文化运动持肯定态度的,把它当作新时代的到来的重要标志。批评的声音也是存在的,多是指新文化运动有着简单化和形式主义的缺点。值得肯定的是陈独秀指出了儒学与专制的关系,对封建专制的维护,这是不争的事实。绝大多数的新派人物都能够正确地认识到历史上的儒学并非宗教。在科学、民主潮流下,康有为把儒学宗教化显然是不合时宜的。新文化运动时期反孔思潮也存在不足之处,最大的不足的新派人以静止的观点来看待儒学。反观这正是康有为的独到之处,康有为能站在历史的角度看待儒学,并开启儒学创造转化的历程。但康有为的不足也体现在对自由、平等、民主的认识不深入。并且强行将“孔教宗教化”,陷入政治漩涡使其思想的影响力和社会号召力受到极大影响,儒学也在这个时期受到了很大的打击。
[Abstract]:From the Reform Movement of 1898 to the May 4th Movement, the Confucianism of Kang Youwei changed. It is divided into four stages: aid to the west into Confucianism, westernization of Confucianism, Confucianism and respect, and the soul of Confucianism and Wei. Kang Youwei persisted in respecting Confucianism all his life. Kang Youwei, who had been in exile for more than ten years, had a deeper understanding of the West. After returning to China, he saw the decline of Confucianism, advocated the preservation of Chinese traditional culture, and wanted to draw lessons from the western religious model to convert Confucianism to religion in order to resist the "invasion" of Western culture. Kang Youwei unseasonably promoted the movement of Confucianism and religion, which was severely criticized by the new faction represented by Chen Duxiu. Chen Duxiu Needle refutes Kang Youwei from three aspects: first, at the religious level, Confucius does not belong to religion; secondly, at the political level, Chen Duxiu insists that "there is an inextricable cause between Confucianism and monarchy"; finally, at the cultural level, China's "three Compendium" and the "democracy" and "science" in the new cultural period are contrary to each other. Behind the argument between Kang Youwei and Chen Duxiu are the differences in their cultural views, in Confucianism, and in their views of the whole and the parts. Based on the controversy between Kang Youwei and Chen Duxiu during the New Culture Movement, this paper analyzes Kang Chen's right and wrong gains and losses during the New Culture Movement. Most scholars at home and abroad hold a positive attitude towards the New Culture Movement and regard it as an important symbol of the arrival of a new era. Criticism also exists, mostly referring to the shortcomings of the New Cultural Movement in simplification and formalism. It is an indisputable fact that Chen Duxiu points out the relationship between Confucianism and autocracy and the maintenance of feudal autocracy. The vast majority of new figures are able to correctly recognize that Confucianism in history is not a religion. Under the trend of science and democracy, Kang Youwei's religion of Confucianism is obviously out of date. During the New Culture Movement, there were also shortcomings in the anti-Confucius trend, and the most deficient neologisms viewed Confucianism from a static point of view. On the other hand, this is the unique feature of Kang Youwei. Kang Youwei can view Confucianism from the historical point of view and open the process of Confucianism creation and transformation. But Kang Youwei's shortcomings are also reflected in the lack of understanding of freedom, equality and democracy. And forced "Confucian religion", falling into a political whirlpool, its ideological influence and social appeal was greatly affected, Confucianism also suffered a great blow in this period.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K203
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本文编号：1966406